there be在英語中的特殊用法

　　考生在英語學(xué)習(xí)和高考英語復(fù)習(xí)中會經(jīng)常碰到有關(guān)there be結(jié)構(gòu)的句子和題目,尤其是高考閱讀篇目中的一些長、難句,以及短文改錯,書面表達(dá)等題目中常有考點出現(xiàn)。下面是小編整理的一些關(guān)于there be在英語中的特殊用法， 希望對大家有幫助。

　　there be 在英語中的特殊用法

　　1.There be+主語+ doing，其中主語與現(xiàn)在分詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)在、過去的狀態(tài)

　　例如：At one time , there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC office .

　　曾經(jīng)人們在中國民航售票處排隊等候。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building .街上觀火的人太多，消防隊員無法靠近大樓。

　　2. There be+主語+ done, 其中過去分詞與主語存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系且表示被動意義

　　例如：There were lots of good English language programmers broadcast on TV or on the air in China.有許多很好的英語節(jié)目在中國的廣播電臺或電視臺播出。There are also gymnastics performed in China and some other Asian countries . 中國及亞洲其它國家也進(jìn)行體操表演。

　　3. There be+主語+ to do / to be done ,其中不定式與主語通常有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系或主謂關(guān)系，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作

　　例如：There are a few simple safe measures to follow / to be followed while training . 有一些簡單的安全措施，供訓(xùn)練時遵照執(zhí)行。I hope there will be more people to attend the conference .我希望有更多的人來參加會議。如果強調(diào)不定式的動作被別人做時可以用不定式的被動式。例如：There were lots of materials to be sent to the government office next week .有許多材料在下周要送到政府辦公室去。

　　二、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式

　　There be 結(jié)構(gòu)為非謂語形式時，be可以是不定式(to be)或(being)，there 作邏輯主語。非謂語形式的there to be 和there being 結(jié)構(gòu)可用作主語、賓語、或狀語。例如：There being a bus stop near the village is a great advantage .村莊旁邊有個汽車站，真是方便極了。(作主語)

　　We expect there to be no argument .我們希望不再出現(xiàn)爭吵。(作賓語)There being no buses , we had to walk home .由于沒有公共汽車了，我們只好步行回家。(做狀語)There not being any water to drink , he fell rather thirsty .因為沒有水喝，他感到很渴。(做狀語)那么，什么時候用there to be,什么時候用there being呢?

　　1.做主語

　　(1) 有for引導(dǎo)，則用there to be

　　It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the class. 太遺憾了，這個班上有多方面的麻煩。 It is common for there to be problems of communication between teachers and students. 老師與學(xué)生人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。

　　(2) 沒有for引導(dǎo)，則用there being

　　There being a public bus service is a great convenience to people. 公交車對人們十分方便。

　　The prison is heavily guarded. There being no hope of escape is certain.

　　2.做動詞的賓語

　　(1)跟動名詞的動詞后用there being。常見的動詞有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit等。

　　(2)跟不定式的動詞后用there to be。常見的動詞有：want, expect, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend等。She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.她否認(rèn)他們之間有任何誤會?！eachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind. 老師不希望有任何學(xué)生掉隊。They hate there to be long queues everywhere. 他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。

　　3.做作狀語

　　(1)作獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用there being.There being nothing else to do, they went home.沒有別的事做，他們回家了。There being nobody else to help me, I had to do by myself.由于沒有人幫我，我只得單干了

　　(2)但若置于介詞for之后，則用there to be，整個介詞短語作程度狀語。It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，不會有公共汽車了。It is enough for there to be five minutes. 五分鐘就足夠了

　　There be句型的幾種特殊用法

　　1.There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be前還可以帶其他動詞的被動式

　　There is said to be…據(jù)說有……

　　There is thought to be…據(jù)認(rèn)為有……

　　There is believed to be…據(jù)相信有……

　　E.g. There is said to be oil under the North Sea.

　　There is believed to be some chances to succeed.

　　There is expected to be a boxing game on Sunday morning.

　　2.There be結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語形式有兩個，一個是不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)there to be;另一個是動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)there being

　　(1).在介詞for之后，常跟there to be,在其他介詞后，則常跟there being。

　　E.g. He was not satisfied with there being so little captial(資金) to use.

　　(2).there to be和there being都可以做某些動詞的賓語，其區(qū)別在于：一般用不定式做賓語的動詞多與there to be搭配;一般用V-ing做賓語的動詞則用there being。

　　E.g. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?

　　Can you imagine there being much difficulty in living in desert?

　　(3).there to be和there being都可做主語，但there to be之前要與for搭配，這種情況多見于it做形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)中。

　　E.g. It’s too early for there to be anyone around here.

　　It is impossible for there to be any more.

　　There being so good a teacher to guide you in every way is really a good advantage.

　　(4).在句首做狀語表示原因、條件時，用there being。若動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，則使用其完成式there having been。

　　E.g. There being so much to do, he had to stay up.

　　There having been no buses, we had to walk home.

　　There being nothing else to do, we went home.

　　3.There be中間可以加入一些詞，如be certain to, be sure, appear to, seem to, used to, have to等等

　　e.g. There used to be a cinema here before the war.

　　There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question.

　　There appeared to be a war between his heart and his head.

　　There had to be a safe way.

　　There is sure to be a restaurant nearby.

　　There is thought to be an important change in their interview.