非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)大全(2)
(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)
acknowledge承認(rèn),自認(rèn)cease 停止mention說(shuō)到,講到
admit 承認(rèn)tolerate忍受dislike不喜歡,討厭
advocate:提倡,主張complete完成dread可怕
appreciate 感激,欣賞confess坦白endure忍受
avoid避免contemplate細(xì)想enjoy享有,喜愛(ài)
bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒
can't help不禁delay延遲escape逃跑,逃避
can't stand受不了deny否認(rèn)excuse借口
consider 考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想,愛(ài)好
favor 造成,偏愛(ài)mind 介意repent悔悟
figure描繪,計(jì)算miss錯(cuò)過(guò)resent怨恨
finish完成,結(jié)束不得pardon原諒,饒恕resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原諒permit 允許resume恢復(fù)
imagine設(shè)想postpone延遲,延期risk冒險(xiǎn)
involve卷入,包含practise 實(shí)行,實(shí)踐suggest建議
hate討厭prevent阻止save營(yíng)救,儲(chǔ)蓄
keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅(jiān)持,忍受
loathe非常討厭,厭惡recall回想
例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。
(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別
1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘記做過(guò)某事(此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生)
2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)
remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)
4) regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾
regret doing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味著
7)go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 繼續(xù)(原先沒(méi)有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建議(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具體行為;+doing sth 表示抽象、傾向概念
(注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞,其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式,不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如:
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義;+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔給她講過(guò)我的想法。(已講過(guò))
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N辦法來(lái)做這工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我沒(méi)想要傷害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。
4.不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)
1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來(lái)的。
2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
Get him something to eat.給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ),要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,這里的介詞不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支筆寫字。
There is nothing to worry about.沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的。
4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如:
ability能力,本領(lǐng)drive趕,駕駛movement運(yùn)動(dòng),活動(dòng)
ambition抱負(fù),野心effort努力,嘗試need需要,需求
campaign戰(zhàn)役,運(yùn)動(dòng)failure失敗,不及格opportunity機(jī)會(huì)
chance機(jī)會(huì)force力,壓力,要點(diǎn)promise許諾,希望
courage勇氣intention意向,意圖reason理由,原因
decision決定method方法,方式light光,光線,亮光
determination決心,決定motive動(dòng)機(jī),目的struggle奮斗,努力,
tendency傾向,趨勢(shì)wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next,second, last, only和not a,the等限定詞時(shí)候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。
John will do anything but work on a farm.除了農(nóng)活,約翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ),或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ),則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如:tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.他要買輛車的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái),最后一個(gè)離去。
(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)
分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):
1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。
2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房間是我們的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎?
He is an advanced teacher.他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。
3)下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),但不具有被動(dòng)意義,這點(diǎn)要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系
一般來(lái)說(shuō),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后;現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要見那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎?
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