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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語 > 英語短語 > 并列英文短語有哪些

并列英文短語有哪些

時間: 玉蓮928 分享

并列英文短語有哪些

  在英語中寫作中,為了使閱卷老師不容易產(chǎn)生疲勞感,我們一般會用并列句,使句子看起來不是太長。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理并列英文短語表達,供大家參閱!

  并列英文短語表達

  1. 按使用目的,句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四類;

  2. 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句三類。下面就考試中常見的并列句和復(fù)合句做簡單介紹。

  (一)并列句

  1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列連詞把兩個簡單句連接起來而成的。例如:

  John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒打。 You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你該快點了,否則要誤車了。

  He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是個好學(xué)生,因為他學(xué)習(xí)一直很認真仔細。

  2. 由并列連詞詞組連接成的。常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … , not … but …, both … and …, 等等。例如:

  Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一個,而是我們?nèi)w都受到邀請。

  Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你來做,要么我請其他人來做。

  Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 湯姆和杰克都沒有完成作業(yè)。

  Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他們完不成任務(wù),而是任務(wù)太重了。 并列句的口訣!

  and 表示順承 while表示對比 but/yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示選擇when和and/then表示時間 and/so/neither/nor表示并列 not only...but also/neither... nor表示遞進

  (二)主從復(fù)合句

  包含兩個或多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu),并且,其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主句,另一個或多個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為從句,充當(dāng)該主句的主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,這樣的句子叫做復(fù)合句。 按照從句在整個復(fù)合句中所起的語法作用,可將復(fù)合句分為六類。即主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。在以往的英語應(yīng)用能力等級考試中,這六種復(fù)合句都曾出現(xiàn)過,其中尤其以賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句為多。下面分別予以講解。

  1. 主語從句

  在整個句子中充當(dāng)主語成分的從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether等引導(dǎo);也可以由連接代詞what, which, who以及由連接副詞how, when, where, why,as等引導(dǎo)。例: A) which B) what C) that D) one

  2. 同位語從句

  從句的作用是做主語、表語或賓語的同位語(即,不是對主語、表語或賓語進行修飾和限定,而是說明其內(nèi)容含義),則叫做同位語從句。由that引導(dǎo)。例:

  The mere fact most people believe nuclear war would be madness

  does not mean that it will not occur.

  A) what C) that B) which D) why

  可以由同位語從句修飾的名詞還有thought, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt等。

  3.表語從句

  當(dāng)主句的謂語是系動詞,而從句位于其后,即在整個句子中充當(dāng)表語,則該從句叫做表語從句??梢杂蓮膶龠B詞that, whether等引導(dǎo);由連接代詞what, which, who等引導(dǎo);由連接副詞how,when,where,why等引導(dǎo);以及由because等引導(dǎo)。

  Eg: Their argument was how we know a way to test the authorities statement.

  他們的論據(jù)是我們怎能知道檢驗權(quán)威觀點的方法。

  4. 賓語從句(包括間接引語)

  在主句中充當(dāng)賓語成分,即跟在及物動詞后面、不及物動詞加介詞后面,或介詞后面的從句叫做賓語從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether, if等引導(dǎo);由連接代詞what, which, who等引導(dǎo);由連接副詞how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。例:

  Professor Lee's book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts. 李教授的書將向您展示如何您看到可用于其他上下文中。

  5. 定語從句

  定語從句分為兩類:非限制性定語從句和限制性定語從句。前者用逗號與主句隔開,如果去除這一部分并不改變影響主句的意思的定語從句(在非限制性定語從句中,需要注意的是,不能用that替換which引導(dǎo)詞)。而限制性定語從句正好與之相反,不需逗號將從句與主句隔開,如果去除的話,將大大影響原句要表達的意思。

  定語從句在英語應(yīng)用能力等級考試中出現(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高。考查點主要在于引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇和非限制性定語從句的辨識。

  指代人時,定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose引導(dǎo);指代物時,可以由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo);指代人或物時,由that引導(dǎo);由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。例:

  As is announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays. 據(jù)今天的報紙宣布,上海出口商品博覽會星期日也照常開放

  注意:

  a) 關(guān)系代詞whom, which, that在從句中做賓語時,常??梢允÷?,在口語中更常見。

  b) 引導(dǎo)詞where就等于介詞加which,都指代從句的地點狀語。where本身就可以代替介詞短語表示地點狀語,而which只能指代介詞短語中的名詞,所以它前面或從句中必須有介詞。例:

  This is the house where / in which I used to live.

  這就是我曾經(jīng)住過的房子。

  I will never forget the days when / during which we lived together.

  我永遠忘不了我們在一起的那些日子。

  6.狀語從句

  在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)時間、地點、方式、目的、原因、結(jié)果等狀語成分的從句通稱為狀語從句。

  (1) 時間狀語從句

  時間狀語從句通常由since, when, after, as, while, before, by, during等時間連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

  Tom was playing computer games when his mother found him.

  湯姆的媽媽找到他時,他正在玩電腦游戲。

  (2)地點狀語從句

  地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。例如:

  I found my wallet where I walked. 我在我走過的地方找到了錢包。

  Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。

  (3)方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。例如:

  As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。

  as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。例如: They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

  他們完全忽略了這些事實,就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)

  It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

  看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)

  (4)目的狀語從句 表示目的的狀語從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in

  case等詞引導(dǎo)。例如:

  Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

  最好多穿點衣服,以防天變冷。

  (5)原因狀語從句

  原因狀語從句一般由because, since, as和for引導(dǎo)。because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:

  I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。

  Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟,旅行推遲了。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因為他病了。

  He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。

  (6)結(jié)果狀語從句

  結(jié)果狀語從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導(dǎo)。so…that與such…that之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如: He is so young a boy that he can't go to school.。

  He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 。 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學(xué)。

  (7)條件狀語從句

  條件狀語從句的連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。unless = if not. 例如:

  If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 如果不太累,我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>

  You will be late unless you leave immediately. 除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。

  (8)讓步狀語從句

  though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,后面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如: Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

  雖然在下雨,但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>

  He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。

  as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如: Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

  雖然是個小孩,該做什么不做什么,他全知道。

  Young as / though he is, he is so experienced. 雖然很小,但他經(jīng)驗豐富。

  ever if, even though 即使。例如:

  We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠足。

  whether…or… 不管……都。例如:

  Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實是真的。

  "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever" 。例如:

  No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would

  not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么,他不在意。

  no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever

  no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever

  no matter which = whichever no matter how = however

  并列連詞英文短語

  并列連詞可表示多種意義,但主要有四種,即表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等。注意并列連詞在句子中位置比較固定,定位于所連接的語言單位之間,兩個并列連詞不能并用,而可以與從屬連詞并用。

  1、表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞

  (1)并列連詞and的用法

 ?、?可以連接兩個的詞,多用于肯定句中。

  Go and fetch something to eat.(連接兩個動詞如go, come等表示目的)去取些吃的東西來。 He started to shout and sing.他開始大叫并唱歌。

  Read it slowly and clearly.慢慢念,念清楚。

  The balloon flew higher and higher.氣球越飛越高。

  You can meet teachers and students.你會見到許多老師和學(xué)生。

  Proper diet and exercise are important to health.適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰】岛苤匾?/p>

 ?、谶B接兩個句子,表示因果、對比、條件、假設(shè)、目的等。

  They didn``t catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他們沒趕上汽車,只好在旅館過夜。(因果)

  Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂,莉莉愛好體育運動。(對比)

  Work hard and you will succeed.(條件,前面部分常為祈使句)如果你努力工作,就會成功。 One more week and we’ll accomplish the task.再一星期,我們就完成任務(wù)。(條件)

  (2)并列連詞both„and, not only„but also, as well as的用法

 ?、賐oth„and意為:“不但„而且„; 既„又„”,是并列連詞,可以并列主語、賓語、表語、狀語、謂語等成分。并列主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。

  The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位秘書不但能講而且能寫西班牙語。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教學(xué)與科研都在大踏步前進。 The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表們既訪問了紐約,又訪問了波士頓。 She both plays the piano and sings.她既會彈鋼琴又會唱歌。

  Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校長都喜歡這個男孩。

  The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.國內(nèi)外形勢對我們都很有利。

  ②not only„but also意為:“不但...而且”,是并列連詞,可以連接兩個詞,也可連接兩個句子。其中,but also中的also可以省略。

  a.連接兩個成分

  not only„but also可以連接句中所有的成分,連接并列主語時,其謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則,與所靠近的成分保持數(shù)的一致。

  Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不僅學(xué)生們津津有味地看著這部電影,而且他們的老師也是如此。

  He can speak not only French but (also) English.他不但會講法而且會講英語。

  He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不僅看過那部影片,而且記得影片的內(nèi)容。

  b.并列兩個句子

  not only„but also可以連接兩個句子,not only位于句首時, not only后的句子要倒裝。 Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學(xué)家而且還是名戰(zhàn)士。

  Not only was evrything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不僅他的一切被拿走,而且他的國籍也被取消。

 ?、踑s well as 其連詞作用,表示“同、和、也”等。

  The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對者都在加班工作。 I have read his novels as well as his plays.我讀過他的小說和劇本。

  ④when并列連詞,意為“就在那時”

  I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走,突然電話鈴響了。

  We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我們在戶外一直玩到太陽下山, 那時天下起雨來了。


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