并列英文短語(yǔ)有哪些
并列英文短語(yǔ)有哪些
在英語(yǔ)中寫(xiě)作中,為了使閱卷老師不容易產(chǎn)生疲勞感,我們一般會(huì)用并列句,使句子看起來(lái)不是太長(zhǎng)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理并列英文短語(yǔ)表達(dá),供大家參閱!
并列英文短語(yǔ)表達(dá)
1. 按使用目的,句子可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句四類(lèi);
2. 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句三類(lèi)。下面就考試中常見(jiàn)的并列句和復(fù)合句做簡(jiǎn)單介紹。
(一)并列句
1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列連詞把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)而成的。例如:
John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒(méi)打。 You should hurry, or you will miss the train. 你該快點(diǎn)了,否則要誤車(chē)了。
He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 他肯定是個(gè)好學(xué)生,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)一直很認(rèn)真仔細(xì)。
2. 由并列連詞詞組連接成的。常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … , not … but …, both … and …, 等等。例如:
Not only one but also all of us were invited. 不只是一個(gè),而是我們?nèi)w都受到邀請(qǐng)。
Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你來(lái)做,要么我請(qǐng)其他人來(lái)做。
Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 湯姆和杰克都沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。
Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他們完不成任務(wù),而是任務(wù)太重了。 并列句的口訣!
and 表示順承 while表示對(duì)比 but/yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折 for/so表示因果 or/either ...or 表示選擇when和and/then表示時(shí)間 and/so/neither/nor表示并列 not only...but also/neither... nor表示遞進(jìn)
(二)主從復(fù)合句
包含兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),并且,其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主句,另一個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為從句,充當(dāng)該主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),這樣的句子叫做復(fù)合句。 按照從句在整個(gè)復(fù)合句中所起的語(yǔ)法作用,可將復(fù)合句分為六類(lèi)。即主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。在以往的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力等級(jí)考試中,這六種復(fù)合句都曾出現(xiàn)過(guò),其中尤其以賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句為多。下面分別予以講解。
1. 主語(yǔ)從句
在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分的從句。可以由從屬連詞that, whether等引導(dǎo);也可以由連接代詞what, which, who以及由連接副詞how, when, where, why,as等引導(dǎo)。例: A) which B) what C) that D) one
2. 同位語(yǔ)從句
從句的作用是做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)(即,不是對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾和限定,而是說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容含義),則叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。由that引導(dǎo)。例:
The mere fact most people believe nuclear war would be madness
does not mean that it will not occur.
A) what C) that B) which D) why
可以由同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞還有thought, idea, news, hope, belief, doubt等。
3.表語(yǔ)從句
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞,而從句位于其后,即在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ),則該從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句??梢杂蓮膶龠B詞that, whether等引導(dǎo);由連接代詞what, which, who等引導(dǎo);由連接副詞how,when,where,why等引導(dǎo);以及由because等引導(dǎo)。
Eg: Their argument was how we know a way to test the authorities statement.
他們的論據(jù)是我們?cè)跄苤罊z驗(yàn)權(quán)威觀點(diǎn)的方法。
4. 賓語(yǔ)從句(包括間接引語(yǔ))
在主句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分,即跟在及物動(dòng)詞后面、不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞后面,或介詞后面的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句??梢杂蓮膶龠B詞that, whether, if等引導(dǎo);由連接代詞what, which, who等引導(dǎo);由連接副詞how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。例:
Professor Lee's book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts. 李教授的書(shū)將向您展示如何您看到可用于其他上下文中。
5. 定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句分為兩類(lèi):非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和限制性定語(yǔ)從句。前者用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),如果去除這一部分并不改變影響主句的意思的定語(yǔ)從句(在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,需要注意的是,不能用that替換which引導(dǎo)詞)。而限制性定語(yǔ)從句正好與之相反,不需逗號(hào)將從句與主句隔開(kāi),如果去除的話(huà),將大大影響原句要表達(dá)的意思。
定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力等級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高??疾辄c(diǎn)主要在于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的辨識(shí)。
指代人時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句可以由關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose引導(dǎo);指代物時(shí),可以由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo);指代人或物時(shí),由that引導(dǎo);由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why等引導(dǎo)。例:
As is announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays. 據(jù)今天的報(bào)紙宣布,上海出口商品博覽會(huì)星期日也照常開(kāi)放
注意:
a) 關(guān)系代詞whom, which, that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常??梢允÷?,在口語(yǔ)中更常見(jiàn)。
b) 引導(dǎo)詞where就等于介詞加which,都指代從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。where本身就可以代替介詞短語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),而which只能指代介詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞,所以它前面或從句中必須有介詞。例:
This is the house where / in which I used to live.
這就是我曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子。
I will never forget the days when / during which we lived together.
我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們?cè)谝黄鸬哪切┤兆印?/p>
6.狀語(yǔ)從句
在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、目的、原因、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)成分的從句通稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。
(1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常由since, when, after, as, while, before, by, during等時(shí)間連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:
Tom was playing computer games when his mother found him.
湯姆的媽媽找到他時(shí),他正在玩電腦游戲。
(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。例如:
I found my wallet where I walked. 我在我走過(guò)的地方找到了錢(qián)包。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。
(3)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。例如:
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開(kāi)空氣,猶如魚(yú)兒離不開(kāi)水。
as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。例如: They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí),就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實(shí)相反,謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來(lái)天氣很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大,謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。)
(4)目的狀語(yǔ)從句 表示目的的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in
case等詞引導(dǎo)。例如:
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多穿點(diǎn)衣服,以防天變冷。
(5)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由because, since, as和for引導(dǎo)。because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?/p>
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟,旅行推遲了。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。
(6)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so…that 或 such…that引導(dǎo)。so…that與such…that之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如: He is so young a boy that he can't go to school.。
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school 。 這男孩年齡太小,不能上學(xué)。
(7)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。unless = if not. 例如:
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 如果不太累,我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>
You will be late unless you leave immediately. 除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的。
(8)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,后面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。例如: Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨,但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。例如: Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
雖然是個(gè)小孩,該做什么不做什么,他全知道。
Young as / though he is, he is so experienced. 雖然很小,但他經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。
ever if, even though 即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。
whether…or… 不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,這確實(shí)是真的。
"no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever" 。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would
not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么,他不在意。
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
并列連詞英文短語(yǔ)
并列連詞可表示多種意義,但主要有四種,即表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果等。注意并列連詞在句子中位置比較固定,定位于所連接的語(yǔ)言單位之間,兩個(gè)并列連詞不能并用,而可以與從屬連詞并用。
1、表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞
(1)并列連詞and的用法
?、?可以連接兩個(gè)的詞,多用于肯定句中。
Go and fetch something to eat.(連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞如go, come等表示目的)去取些吃的東西來(lái)。 He started to shout and sing.他開(kāi)始大叫并唱歌。
Read it slowly and clearly.慢慢念,念清楚。
The balloon flew higher and higher.氣球越飛越高。
You can meet teachers and students.你會(huì)見(jiàn)到許多老師和學(xué)生。
Proper diet and exercise are important to health.適當(dāng)?shù)娘嬍澈湾憻拰?duì)健康很重要。
?、谶B接兩個(gè)句子,表示因果、對(duì)比、條件、假設(shè)、目的等。
They didn``t catch the bus, and had to stay in a hotel for the night.他們沒(méi)趕上汽車(chē),只好在旅館過(guò)夜。(因果)
Mary likes music and Lily is fond of sports.瑪麗喜歡音樂(lè),莉莉愛(ài)好體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。(對(duì)比)
Work hard and you will succeed.(條件,前面部分常為祈使句)如果你努力工作,就會(huì)成功。 One more week and we’ll accomplish the task.再一星期,我們就完成任務(wù)。(條件)
(2)并列連詞both„and, not only„but also, as well as的用法
?、賐oth„and意為:“不但„而且„; 既„又„”,是并列連詞,可以并列主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等成分。并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 紐約和倫敦都存在交通問(wèn)題。
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.這位秘書(shū)不但能講而且能寫(xiě)西班牙語(yǔ)。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教學(xué)與科研都在大踏步前進(jìn)。 The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表們既訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了紐約,又訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了波士頓。 She both plays the piano and sings.她既會(huì)彈鋼琴又會(huì)唱歌。
Both she and the headmaster were pleased with the boy.她和校長(zhǎng)都喜歡這個(gè)男孩。
The situation both at home and abroad is in our favor.國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)對(duì)我們都很有利。
?、趎ot only„but also意為:“不但...而且”,是并列連詞,可以連接兩個(gè)詞,也可連接兩個(gè)句子。其中,but also中的also可以省略。
a.連接兩個(gè)成分
not only„but also可以連接句中所有的成分,連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則,與所靠近的成分保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不僅學(xué)生們津津有味地看著這部電影,而且他們的老師也是如此。
He can speak not only French but (also) English.他不但會(huì)講法而且會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.他不僅看過(guò)那部影片,而且記得影片的內(nèi)容。
b.并列兩個(gè)句子
not only„but also可以連接兩個(gè)句子,not only位于句首時(shí), not only后的句子要倒裝。 Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科學(xué)家而且還是名戰(zhàn)士。
Not only was evrything he had taken away, but his citizenship.不僅他的一切被拿走,而且他的國(guó)籍也被取消。
?、踑s well as 其連詞作用,表示“同、和、也”等。
The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。 I have read his novels as well as his plays.我讀過(guò)他的小說(shuō)和劇本。
④when并列連詞,意為“就在那時(shí)”
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.我剛想走,突然電話(huà)鈴響了。
We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.我們?cè)趹?hù)外一直玩到太陽(yáng)下山, 那時(shí)天下起雨來(lái)了。
看過(guò)并列英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的人還看了: