小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

　　小學(xué)生們正是開(kāi)始吸收知識(shí)的時(shí)候，在小學(xué)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候最好能夠掌握好的語(yǔ)法，為以后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

　　1.人稱(chēng)代詞

　　主格： I we you she he it they

　　賓格： me us you her him it them

　　形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their

　　名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

　　2.形容詞和副詞的比較

　　(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er

　　older ,taller, longer, stronger

　　(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more

　　more interesting, etc.

　　(3) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母，再+er

　　bigger fatter, etc.

　　(4) 把y變i，再+er

　　heavier, earlier

　　(5) 不規(guī)則變化：

　　well-better, much/many-more, etc.

　　3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　Most nouns + s abook –books

　　Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

　　Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

　　Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

　　Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

　　4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)不變)

　　bread, rice, water ,juice等。

　　5.縮略形式

　　I’m= I a， you’re = you are， she’s= she is， he’s = he is

　　it’s= it is， who’s =who is， can’t =can not， isn’t=is not等。

　　6.a/an

　　a book, a peach

　　an egg， an hour

　　7.Preposition

　　on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.

　　表示時(shí)間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

　　on Monday， on 15th July， On National Day

　　in the evening， in December， in winter

　　8.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞

　　one – first， two-second，twenty-twentieth

　　9.some/any

　　I have some toys in my bedroom.

　　Do you have any brothers or sisters?

　　10.be動(dòng)詞

　　(1) Basic form: am/are/is

　　(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

　　My eyes are(not) small.

　　My hair is(not) long.

　　(3)一般疑問(wèn)句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

　　Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.

　　Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isn’t.

　　11.there be結(jié)構(gòu)

　　肯定句：There is a …

　　Thereare …

　　一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

　　Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

　　否定句： There isn’t ….

　　Therearen’t….

　　12.祈使句

　　Sit down please

　　Don’tsit down, please.

　　13.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　通常用“now”.

　　形式： be + verb +ing

　　eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

　　You/We/They are(not) reading.

　　He/She/It is(not) eating.

　　動(dòng)詞—ing 的形式

　　Most verbs +ing walk—walking

　　Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

　　Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

　　14.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。

　　肯定句：

　　I go to school on foot every day.

　　She goes to school on foot every day.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句:

　　Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

　　Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

　　否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.

　　My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

　　15.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　can,must, should后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

　　eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

　　2.You should keep quiet in the library.

　　16.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

　　(a) be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:

　　I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

　　一般疑問(wèn)句was, were 放在句首。

　　(b) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：

　　肯定句： I watched cartoons.

　　She visited the zoo.

　　一般疑問(wèn)句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

　　Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn’t.

　　否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

　　He didn’t make model ships last week.

　　(3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化：

　　規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：

　　Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

　　Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。

　　Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

　　Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped

　　不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化：

　　is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,

　　eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

　　17.Wh-"questions"

　　What are you doing?

　　What colour is it?

　　What time is it?/ What’s the time?

　　Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

　　Who’sthe man with a big nose?

　　Whose bag is it?

　　When is your birthday?

　　Where is my ball pen?

　　Why do you like summer?

　　How many books are there in the school bag?

　　How old is the young man?

　　How much is the toy bear?

　　How do you go to school every day?

　　1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在如：He is a boy. She is a student.

　　My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.

　　B、表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，

　　如：often(經(jīng)常) , usually(通常，一般) , sometimes(有時(shí)) ,

　　always(總是，一直) , never(從不)

　　如：I often go to school on foot.

　　My father works in a school.

　　Mike watches TV every day.

　　I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.

　　C、表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作.如：How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.

　　☆注意☆ 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)與原形同形。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動(dòng)詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結(jié)尾的。如：watches , teaches ,goes , washes

　　2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

　　表示在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等

　　☆注意☆ 一般將來(lái)時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：

　?、賐e going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn)

　?、趙ill + 動(dòng)詞的原形

　　例句： I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.

　　3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　☆注意☆它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式(am , is , are)加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。

　　如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.

　　☆ 注意☆ 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：

　　☆ ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing　，如having , writing

　　③ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming, sitting , getting

　　4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　主要用來(lái)表示在特定過(guò)去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。它與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.

　　☆注意☆　一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：

　　A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed　;如　worked , learned , cleaned , visited②　以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d　;如　lived, danced , used

　?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed　(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如　study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)④ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如　stopped

　　B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：

　　sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,

　　go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank