when開(kāi)頭的句子
when開(kāi)頭的句子
When作為連詞,可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句、定語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。你知道的when開(kāi)頭的句子有哪些呢，今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編在這里為大家介紹關(guān)于when的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，歡迎大家閱讀！
when開(kāi)頭的句子
1. (a) Many students say that their time at university is when they can experience pure love. (b) This is a time when love is innocent when two people come together for love, rather than a house, car or a good job. There are no pressures from parents to get married as they are still young. (c)It is a time when they can choose who they love and how they love away from outside pressure. Even though the relationship may break up, it will bring sweet memories in later years.
很多學(xué)生都說(shuō),在大學(xué)期間才能經(jīng)歷真正純真的愛(ài)情。在此期間,愛(ài)是單純的,兩個(gè)人走到一起完全是因?yàn)閻?ài),而不是為了房子、車子或者好工作。由于還年輕,他們也不會(huì)迫于父母的壓力而結(jié)婚。這一期間,他們可以不受外界的任何干擾而去選擇自己愛(ài)的對(duì)象和愛(ài)的方式。即使最終兩人分手了,這期間的愛(ài)情也會(huì)成為日后甜蜜的回憶。
上面的小短文中出現(xiàn)了四個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的從句,下面筆者逐一分析各句的結(jié)構(gòu)與類型。首先來(lái)看a句:
a. Many students say that their time at university is when they can experience pure love.
我們可以看到,這里when引導(dǎo)的從句用在了系動(dòng)詞is后,也就是說(shuō),這一從句是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句(名詞從句的一種)。這里的when相當(dāng)于“the time when”,所以a句可改寫成:“Many students say that their time at university is the time when they can experience pure love.”改寫之后,句子中的when引導(dǎo)的就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句了。下面請(qǐng)看b句:
b. This is a time when love is innocent when two people come together for love, rather than a house, car or a good job.
b句中有兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的從句,第一個(gè)從句“when love is innocent”修飾前面的時(shí)間名詞time,是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;而第二個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的從句“when two people come together for love, rather than a house, car or a good job”是描述前面的謂語(yǔ)“is innocent”,是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,用于說(shuō)明什么時(shí)候愛(ài)情才是純真的,這時(shí)when譯成“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。再來(lái)看c句:
c. It is a time when they can choose who they love and how they love away from outside pressure.
顯然,c句和b句的第一個(gè)從句類似,when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的a time。
如何區(qū)分when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
從以上的分析中,我們知道when引導(dǎo)的三類從句各有自己的結(jié)構(gòu)、特征和意義,那么該如何區(qū)分這三類從句呢?本期筆者通過(guò)以下例句,先跟大家探討一下如何區(qū)分when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2. a. I graduated from Cambridge University when I was 22 years old.
我22歲的時(shí)候從劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè)。
b. I graduated from Cambridge University last summer, when I was 22 years old.
我去年夏季從劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè),當(dāng)時(shí)我22歲。
我們知道,a句中的從句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,修飾動(dòng)詞graduate,而b句中的從句為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾的是when前面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last summer。通過(guò)對(duì)比,我們可以總結(jié)出when引導(dǎo)的這兩種從句有如下四點(diǎn)不同:
第一,修飾關(guān)系不同。若when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,when前面必然有表示時(shí)間的名詞,即先行詞;若when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,則其前面沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的名詞,這是因?yàn)閣hen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間。a句中when前面沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的名詞,因而不是定語(yǔ)從句;這里when引導(dǎo)的從句修飾的是graduate,表示“我從劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè)”的時(shí)間,因而是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。b句中的when前面有l(wèi)ast summer,故其引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句。簡(jiǎn)言之,when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句必然修飾時(shí)間名詞,而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾動(dòng)詞。
第二,從句位置不同。若when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,從句只能置于主句的時(shí)間名詞(即先行詞)之后;若when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句可以置于主句之后,也可以置于主句之前(此時(shí)用逗號(hào)來(lái)分隔主從句)。如a句可以改寫成:When I was 22 years old, I graduated from Cambridge University. 而b句則不能這樣改寫。
第三,when的作用不同。若when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,其指代的是表示時(shí)間的先行詞,這時(shí)when在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾從句的謂語(yǔ);若when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,則when在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接主句和從句的作用。如上面的b句,when指代last summer,作“I was 22 years old”的狀語(yǔ),即“去年夏天我是22歲”;而a句中的when在從句中沒(méi)有作任何成分。
第四,when的翻譯不同。若when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,一般可依據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)翻譯:如果從句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí),when可譯為“當(dāng)時(shí)”“那時(shí)”;如果從句謂語(yǔ)是將來(lái)時(shí),when可譯成“到時(shí)”“屆時(shí)”。而引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的when,通常都是譯成“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,如a句可譯為“當(dāng)我22歲的時(shí)候,我從劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè)。”
分清兩種從句,避免句意誤解
為何要注意區(qū)分when引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句還是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句呢?筆者認(rèn)為,如果不區(qū)分清楚when所引導(dǎo)的從句類型,往往容易誤解句子的原意。
請(qǐng)看下面這個(gè)句子:
3. China is now at a stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization when the contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection is particularly prominent.
中國(guó)目前正處于工業(yè)化和城市化加速發(fā)展的階段,此時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的矛盾十分突出。
這句話的原譯是“中國(guó)正處于工業(yè)化和城市化加速發(fā)展的階段,也正處于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)矛盾十分突出的時(shí)期。”這一譯文并不忠實(shí)于原文。究其原因是譯者沒(méi)有正確把握when從句的修飾關(guān)系。下面筆者為讀者一一分析。
通過(guò)分析例句,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),when引導(dǎo)的從句修飾的是時(shí)間名詞stage,也就是說(shuō)when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,而不是時(shí)間從句。原文主句的意思是“ 中國(guó)正處于工業(yè)化和城市化加速發(fā)展的階段”;然后,使用when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)間名詞stage,表示“工業(yè)化和城市化加速發(fā)展的階段”有些什么特點(diǎn),這時(shí)when可以譯為“在這樣一個(gè)階段”。
由此可見(jiàn),譯者由于沒(méi)有看出when引導(dǎo)的從句與stage之間所形成的修飾關(guān)系,誤將主句內(nèi)容與when引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容看成了并列關(guān)系,從而產(chǎn)生了誤譯。因而,在學(xué)習(xí)和閱讀的過(guò)程中,一定要注意區(qū)分when引導(dǎo)的從句是屬于哪種類型,否則誤判when引導(dǎo)的從句與主句形成的修飾關(guān)系,可能會(huì)曲解句子的原意。
when的引導(dǎo)的句子
When are you going home?
你什么時(shí)候回家?
When eating a whole cooked fish, you should never turn it over to get at the flesh on the other side
吃一整條魚時(shí)，切忌把它翻過(guò)來(lái)去吃另一面的肉。
When I met the Gills, I had been gardening for nearly ten years.
遇到吉爾一家時(shí)我已經(jīng)做了近年的園藝工作。
When he brought Imelda her drink she gave him a genuine, sweet smile of thanks
當(dāng)他把飲料拿給艾梅爾達(dá)時(shí)，她真誠(chéng)而甜美地向他微笑以示感謝。
I asked him when he'd be back to pick me up
我問(wèn)他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)接我。
He could remember a time when he had worked like that himself
他還能記得自己一度工作起來(lái)也是那個(gè)樣子。
How can I love myself when I look like this?
我這個(gè)樣子，怎么能對(duì)自己滿意呢?
Our mothers sat us down to read and paint, when all we really wanted to do was to make a mess
我們的母親讓我們坐下來(lái)讀書和畫畫，而我們真正想做的卻是打打鬧鬧。
When did you get married?
你什么時(shí)候結(jié)的婚?
When is the press conference?
記者招待會(huì)何時(shí)舉行?
When were you in this house last?
你最后一次在這房子里是什么時(shí)候?
'I'll be there this afternoon.' — 'When?'
“我今天下午會(huì)去那里。”——“什么時(shí)間?”
Mustard is grown in the field when weeds are there, rather than when the growing crops are there.
芥菜要在地里長(zhǎng)雜草而不是長(zhǎng)莊稼時(shí)種植。
I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.
我要寫報(bào)告時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)此予以考慮的。
I don't know when the decision was made
我不知道決定是什么時(shí)候作出的。
It is important to check when the laboratory can do the tests.
核實(shí)一下實(shí)驗(yàn)室何時(shí)可以進(jìn)行這些測(cè)試是很重要的。
She remembered clearly that day when she'd gone exploring the rockpools
她清楚地記得她去巖石區(qū)潮水潭探險(xiǎn)的那天。
In , when he lived in Rome, his sixteen-year-old son was kidnapped.
年他在羅馬居住時(shí)，他歲的兒子遭到了綁架。
Emerald starlings are fairly small when compared with other such birds.
與同類的其他鳥相比，翠輝椋鳥要小很多。
The temperature sensor is making the computer think the engine is cold when, in fact, it's hot.
溫度傳感器發(fā)給計(jì)算機(jī)的信息為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是冷卻的，可實(shí)際上它的溫度很高。
when和while的區(qū)別
when 當(dāng)什么時(shí) 可表瞬間 事情可同時(shí) 或者先后發(fā)生
例子
it was snowing when we got to the airport 我們到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí) 天在下雪(先后順序)
while 用于相伴發(fā)生的 同時(shí)進(jìn)行
例子
some students were reading while others were writing
有些學(xué)生在讀書 有些在寫.
?、賥hen是at or during the time that,既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指一段時(shí)間,while是during the time that,只指一段時(shí)間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
?、趙hen 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先后發(fā)生;while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.
?、塾蓋hen引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,多用while引導(dǎo),如：
a.When the teacher came in,we were talking.
當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí),則為：
While we were talking,the teacher came in.
b.They were singing while we were dancing.
?、躻hen和while 還可作并列連詞.when表示“在那時(shí)”;while表示“而,卻”,表對(duì)照關(guān)系.如：
a.The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子們正要跑過(guò)去搬開(kāi)那袋米,這時(shí)他們聽(tīng)到了摩托車的聲音.
b.He is strong while his brother is weak.
他長(zhǎng)得很結(jié)實(shí),而他弟弟卻很瘦弱
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