英語長句子結(jié)構(gòu)

　　英語長句是英語復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象的綜合。一個(gè)長句,長度可以達(dá)到20字左右,最長的句子,有時(shí)可達(dá)100多字甚至200多字。由于英語和漢語在語言習(xí)慣上存在較大差異,英語長句的翻譯比較困難。下面小編介紹英語長句子結(jié)構(gòu)給大家，希望對大家有用。

　　英語長句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

　　A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. (199 閱讀. Text 2)

　　【譯文】根據(jù)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體資深科學(xué)家在伊斯普拉（米蘭附近）實(shí)驗(yàn)室所進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，如果歐共體在太陽能供應(yīng)這一領(lǐng)域的研究工作有些許增加，就能提前二十年取得該領(lǐng)域的突破。

　　【析句】多重復(fù)合句，主句為A breakthrough could be brought forward by two decades,could此處表示一種可能性，從句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，最后是according to引導(dǎo)表示參考的狀語the senior EEC scientist,engaged in experiments為過去分詞作定語。

　　The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community's solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Community's energy requirements even after the year 200 (199 閱讀. Text 2)

　　【譯文】歐共體太陽能項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人、西德資深科學(xué)家Joachim Gretz先生告訴記者，以目前的研究支出水平，即使在2000年后太陽能也不可能為滿足歐共體高達(dá)百分之三的能源需求。

　　【析句】主干為Mr. Hoachim Gretz told journalists that+賓語從句，人名前The senior West German scientist...programme是Mr.Joachim的同位語，是對其身份的說明。賓語從句中又包含一套主從句為it was most unlikely that+主語從句，it作形式主語。

　　This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. (199.Text 3)

　　【譯文】亞裔學(xué)生對數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)專業(yè)情有獨(dú)鐘，其部分原因是因?yàn)檫@些來到國外求學(xué)的學(xué)生擁有牢固的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，卻幾乎對英語一竅不通。

　　【析句】多重復(fù)合句，主句為THis special liking is partly explained by the fact,fact后是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句說明fact的具體內(nèi)容，同位語從句中又有主句和從句，主句為Asian American students arrived with a solid...English,句中who began their educations abroad作Asian American students的定語從句。

　　重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)單詞

　　senior ['si:nj?]

　　adj. 年長的，高級(jí)的，資深的，地位較高的

　　unlikely [?n'laikli]

　　adj. 不太可能的

　　engaged [in'geid?d]

　　adj. 忙碌的，使用中的，訂婚了的

　　breakthrough ['breik.θru:]

　　n. 突破

　　modest ['m?dist]

　　adj. 謙虛的，適度的，端莊的

　　community [k?'mju:niti]

　　n. 社區(qū)，社會(huì)，團(tuán)體，共同體，公眾，[生]群落

　　provision [pr?'vi??n]

　　n. 規(guī)定，條款; 供應(yīng)(品); 預(yù)備

　　It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (199 閱讀. Text 1)

　　【譯文】這或許是對學(xué)生寫作能力的尖銳批評(píng)，但也反映了教師的悲哀-他根本沒讀過這篇文章，而文章里包含了學(xué)生內(nèi)心感受的優(yōu)美表達(dá)。

　　【析句】多重復(fù)合句，句子主干為It may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but連接兩個(gè)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子，其中，后句又包含兩個(gè)從句：who had omitted to read the essay作定語從句修飾the teacher,而which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面的句子。

　　The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (199 閱讀. Text 1)

　　【譯文】教師關(guān)注錯(cuò)誤不可厚非，但如果他更重視學(xué)生的想法的話，那么他表現(xiàn)出的失望本可以激發(fā)出學(xué)生更大的動(dòng)力去改進(jìn)。

　　【析句】本句的主干與例句一相似，都是由but連接兩個(gè)句子，后句中，if his priorities had centered on...為條件狀語從句，主句an expression of his disappointment would have given...。注意后句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配，主句would have given為虛擬式，從句用had centered on過去完成時(shí)。

　　In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. (199 閱讀. Text 4)

　　【譯文】1862年國會(huì)批準(zhǔn)兩家西部鐵路公司修建從內(nèi)布拉斯加往西和加利福利亞向東匯合的鐵路，以便建成橫跨大陸連接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。

　　【析句】本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，只有一個(gè)較長的句子Congress authorized two western railroad companies,so as to complete...為目的狀語。難點(diǎn)在于from Nebraska westward and from California eastward的理解，很多同學(xué)理解成Nebraska西部和California東部，實(shí)際上，westward/eastward這里是形容詞，意為“向西/向東”。

　　重點(diǎn)英語單詞

　　technical ['teknik?l]

　　adj. 技術(shù)的，工藝的

　　presentation [.prezen'tei??n]

　　n. 陳述，介紹，贈(zèng)與

　　n. [美]講課

　　improvement [im'pru:vm?nt]

　　n. 改進(jìn)，改善

　　disappointment [.dis?'p?intm?nt]

　　n. 失望，令人失望的人或事

　　pacific [p?'sifik]

　　n. 太平洋

　　adj. 太平洋的

　　contained [k?n'teind]

　　adj. 泰然自若的，從容的；被控制的 v. 包含

　　reflection [ri'flek??n]

　　n. 反映，映像，折射，沉思，影響

　　This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. (199 閱讀. Text 3)

　　【譯文】這通常發(fā)生在閱讀遇到難題，或是我們的閱讀期望與實(shí)際意義不符的時(shí)候。

　　【析句】本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，主句This is..., 特別的是兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的表語從句，when we are running into...,when mismatch is occurring...為并列關(guān)系，都在is后作句子的表語。

　　There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is not to do with what is read but with how it is read. (199 閱讀. Text 3)

　　【譯文】在我們看來，另外一種對話同樣重要，這種對話與讀什么無關(guān)，卻關(guān)系到怎么讀。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句，主句由兩部分組成，第一部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，there is another conversation，后面是which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which is equally important, from our point of view作插入語；第二部分是that is not to do with...but with..., what is read和how is read作賓語，與with構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. (199 閱讀. Text 3)

　　【譯文】正是這種對話方式，對于提高我們的閱讀能力以滿足更高水平的學(xué)習(xí)所帶來的新要求，極具重要性。

　　【析句】整體上看，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，標(biāo)志性結(jié)構(gòu)It is...that..., 省略后句子意義不變。因此，真正的主句是this kind of conversation is of importance，when we are seeking to develop...to meet...作時(shí)間狀語從句，being placed upon us by...為過去分詞作定語。