高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法
高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法
高考英語復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)中，對(duì)于語法的復(fù)習(xí)也不能落下。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高考英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法，供大家參閱!
高中語法主謂一致精講
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)們會(huì)逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著學(xué)習(xí)的不斷深入，能夠充當(dāng)主語的成分也越來越多，除了常見的名詞、代詞，還有非謂語、句子等等，那么如何使這些主語和它的謂語動(dòng)詞保持性、數(shù)上的一致，即主謂一致就成了我們英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)重要課題，也是歷來高考題關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)總結(jié)主謂一致的幾點(diǎn)原則如下：
(1)就近原則
①由并列結(jié)構(gòu)或連詞(either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等)連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
湯姆和他的父母都不在家。
注：“either…or,neither…nor,or”連接的兩個(gè)主語若是一單一復(fù)，最好將復(fù)數(shù)主詞放在后面而接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
?、谠诘寡b句和there be句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本書和幾支鋼筆。
There comes the bus.汽車來了。
?、墼诙ㄕZ從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正在和我父親談話的人。
?、茉趶?qiáng)調(diào)句中，連接代詞又在句中作主語，這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
是瑪麗的哥哥在車禍中受傷了。
(2)意義一致原則
①當(dāng)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語的干擾，依然和主語保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
我，還有我姐姐，打算下個(gè)月去上海。
?、谟⒄Z中有一類單、復(fù)數(shù)同型的詞(people，means，sheep，deer，fish等)，其單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于它在句中的含義。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
這個(gè)國(guó)家的人都已經(jīng)為大變革作好了準(zhǔn)備。
③多數(shù)情況下，由“what”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，其后的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想說：“多保重!”
④當(dāng)主語與all， none， any，some等不定代詞、形容詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體句意，來決定其后的謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
我對(duì)這家公司的了解都是昨天他告訴我的。
?、?ldquo;…+ (of)+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)描述數(shù)量時(shí)，如果“of”后的名詞為單數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干凈的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已經(jīng)被送往美國(guó)。
Half of the apples are red.有一半兒的蘋果是紅的。
⑥詞組“a number of， a great/good many， a group of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù);如果冠詞a變?yōu)閠he，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.
許多的古代建筑在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被毀。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year.
游客的數(shù)量今年減少了。
?、哂⒄Z的集體名詞(committee,crowd,family,public,group,party,team,class,club,company,
union等詞)，指代“整體”時(shí)為單數(shù);指代“其中的各成員”則為復(fù)數(shù)。
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.
當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)小女孩兒的時(shí)候，我家很窮。
My family are all looking forward to your coming.
我的家人都在期待著你的到來。
(3)整體原則
?、?gòu)木洹⒉欢ㄊ?、?dòng)名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一律視作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
When to leave has not been decided.
什么時(shí)候離開還沒有定下來。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.
周日購(gòu)物是他的一個(gè)習(xí)慣。
注：如果主語是兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)的名詞性從句，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。
What he said and what he did were always different.
他所說的和他所做的總是不一樣。
?、谌绻麅蓚€(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。
The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
這位小說家兼詩人打算明年去歐洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小說家和詩人都打算明年去歐洲。
分析：(a)句中小說家和詩人the novelist and poet為同一個(gè)人，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);而(b)句中有兩個(gè)人，一個(gè)是小說家the novelist，另一個(gè)是詩人the poet。
?、蹖Ｓ妹~，如：書名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國(guó)家(組織)名等，通常作單數(shù)用。
The United States was found in 1776.美國(guó)成立于1776年。
?、鼙硎緯r(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Ten minutes is enough.十分鐘足夠了。
?、菁訙p乘除等數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
Two times three makes six.二乘三等于六。
(4)個(gè)體原則
?、賏nd連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主語前如果有each,every,no等修飾語時(shí)(后面的一個(gè)有時(shí)也可省略)，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Every man and every woman is busy at working.每個(gè)人都在忙著工作。
②英語句中的each， either， neither等詞，既可作代詞充當(dāng)主語，又可作形容詞修飾主語，這時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。
Neither of us has been abroad.我們誰都沒出過國(guó)。
?、塾蓅ome,any every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞(somebody，nobody，everything，anything等)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在學(xué)校門口等你。
?、躮any a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞，一般接單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。
Many a man does not understand Einstein's relativity.
許多人不明白愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論。
⑤“one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。
One and a half hours has passed.一個(gè)半小時(shí)過去了。
?、蕹呻p成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等)作主語時(shí)，通常謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果前面有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等詞語時(shí)，則謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁縫的重要工具。
⑦以“-s”結(jié)尾的“復(fù)數(shù)”名詞(如：一些學(xué)科名詞mathematics， physics， politics等)，或以“-s”結(jié)尾的地點(diǎn)名詞、人名等詞后面的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
Mathematics is my favorite subject.數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的科目。
高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)總復(fù)習(xí)
一、can (could)
1、can表示能力，用在過去時(shí)中，could表示過去所具有的一般的能力;經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實(shí)上不一定去做，而was / were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”(=managed to do, succeeded in doing)。在否定句中兩者可通用。例如：
① Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。
?、?Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識(shí)字嗎?
?、跰ary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 瑪麗會(huì)彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會(huì)彈了。
?、蹾e could swim across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。
?、軾esterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。
?、轍e tried many times, then at last, with the help of his math teacher, he was able to work out the difficult problem.
2、表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上)，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。can在肯定句中表“可能性”時(shí)是表示“理論(道理)上的可能性，普遍、一般情況下可能”，而不是表示具體某事發(fā)生的可能性;表示這樣的意思時(shí)要用could，may或might。can't (couldn't)表示“不可能”，與must意義相反。
?、貯ccidents can happen.意外情況是可能發(fā)生的。?
②Scotland can be very warm in September.九月的蘇格蘭可以非常暖和。?
?、踂ill you answer the phone? It could (may /might) be your mother. 你去接電話好嗎?可能是你媽媽打來的。(不能說It can be)
④He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
?、軾ou mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走時(shí)勿吸煙，那樣可能會(huì)引起火災(zāi)。
?、轜hen many people surf on the Internet, the speed can (could) be very slow.
⑦During rush hours, streets can (could) be vey crowded.
●can (could) have done表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)，can have done只能用于疑問句和否定句中(“可能已經(jīng)……了嗎” “不可能已經(jīng)”)，肯定句中用“could have done”。?
?、賅here can (could) he have gone?他會(huì)上哪兒去了呢?
?、贖e can't (couldn't) have gone to school-it's Saturday.他不可能是去上學(xué)了，今天是星期六?
?、跦e could have gone off with some friends.他可能是和幾位朋友出去了。(不說can have gone…)?
3、“could+完成式”還可用來表示虛擬(不用can)(也可表推測(cè))，“過去本能做而未做”以及用來責(zé)備某人在過去本可以做某事但未做。如：?
?、資ou were stupid to go skiing there you could have broken your leg. 你到那個(gè)地方去滑雪真傻，你可能會(huì)摔斷腿的。?
②You could have told me the boss was angry.你本該告訴我老板生氣了。
4、表示給予許可、允許或征求意見(=may)。
?、?Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?
?、?He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
?、踄ou can take this book home to read more carefully.你可以把書拿回家更詳細(xì)地閱讀。
5、表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會(huì)去哪兒了呢?
?、?How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心?
6、比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎?。
?、?I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。
高考英語語法精要數(shù)詞講解
1、數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
易錯(cuò)數(shù)詞：
年月日及介詞
計(jì)算用詞
和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞
2、綜合
1) 數(shù)字表達(dá)：
123,856,709
one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine
2) 年月日
in the morning; on the morning of September 1;
in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)
3、計(jì)算
+ Six and five is (are) eleven.
Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.
- Four from seven is (leaves) three.
Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.
X 16 x 11 = 176
Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.
÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Nine divided by three equals three.
4、dozen, score
A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs
B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times
5、小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語作主語時(shí)的主謂一致問題.
分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)引導(dǎo)的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞來確定.如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.
More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.
70 percent od the fund(資金) was supplied by the Government.
6、“一個(gè)半...”的表達(dá)法.
one pound and a half ,one and a half years