高考英語語法學習竅門
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。這也是高考語法中經(jīng)?？疾斓?。下面是學習啦小編給大家整理的高考英語語法學習竅門，供大家參閱!
高考英語語法學習竅門：語態(tài)
1、含有被動意義的主動動詞
sell wash write read
The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well.
This book reads interesting.
The pen writes quite smoothly.
This (kind of) cloth washes very well.
This cloth is washed. (洗好了)
2、常用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞
be born be married be obliged be hurt
be caught in the rain be covered with
I was caught in the rain on the way back.
3、主動表示被動的情況
①知覺動詞 + adj.
The material feels very soft.
The music sounds too loud.
?、诜侵^語動詞
A. need want require be worth
Your coat wants mending ( to be mended).
B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)
The chair is comfortable to sit on
★ be to blame (該受責備)
C. There be
There are six letters to write (to be written).
③ prove -vi. (被)證明是
He will prove (to be) the winner.
4、get + p. p.
She got caught in the rain.
From then on, her leg got treated four times a day.
5、(人)+ be + 情感動詞-ed
be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….)
His words astonished everyone in the room.
→ Everyone was astonished at his words.
be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with );
be tired of (from); be satisfied with;
be worried about; be interested in;
be frightened ( terrified) at
6、自動和它動
很多動詞既可以用vt. 又可以用vi, 但要注意：
The door opened ( by itself). The door was opened.
The village since we last visited it.
A. has changed
B. has been changed (A)
The planned has been changed.
7、被動語態(tài) + by (with) + 行為主體
by 后接人或物做某事
with 后接手段、方式、工具
He was killed by a falling stone
He was killed with a knife.
8、注意下列被動形式
①be being done
?、?have been done
?、?be going to be
The bridge is said to be being built.
The bridge is said to have been built.
高考英語語法學習竅門：情態(tài)動詞
1、情態(tài)動詞 + have done sth
這個結(jié)構(gòu)有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測(設(shè)想可能發(fā)生過什么事情)或
想象(設(shè)想可能出現(xiàn)過什么不同的情況)
?、賡hould (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
?、踡ust have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
?、躢an have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
?、輒ay (might) have done sth 過去可能發(fā)生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更小;might 也可表示過去可能發(fā)生而未發(fā)生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
?、辌ould have done sth
●推測過去”可能“發(fā)生某事 (同can, 但can不用肯定句)
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性：某事可能發(fā)生，但卻沒有發(fā)生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做(虛擬語氣)
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示現(xiàn)在的或”一般的能力“---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表達 ”一般的能力“---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
●可用來表示：①理論上的可能性(不涉及是否真發(fā)生);②提出建議
(提出解決某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動);③在問句或否定句中表達現(xiàn)在的可能性)
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
?、?--What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ?、?/p>
●may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性;②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ?、?/p>
You may be right. ?、?/p>
●could / might 可用來表示： ①說話時某事可能是真實的;②將來
某事有可能發(fā)生，但不表示特別可能發(fā)生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ?、?/p>
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示“允許”
?、僬埱笤试S：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
?、谠试S：當我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒絕”的意思)
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)
高考英語語法學習竅門：省略與替代
?、?、動詞不定式中的省略
1.在下列動詞see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做賓補，要省略不定式符號。
2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，在介詞but或except后作賓語時不定式符號要省略。
3.在would rather和had better后不定式符號要省略。
4.在幾個不定式并列時，第二個、第三個不定式的不定式符號要省略。
5.在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ， be going 等動詞和動詞詞組后接的不定式中，不定式符號后面的動詞原形常省略。
?、颉木渲械氖÷?/p>
1.在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的狀語從句中可以省略主謂部分。
Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
Please come again ，if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
He won’t come ，unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)
2. 在if引起的從句中如有等詞倒裝時，省略if。
Were I you, I would not do it.
Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
If you don’t go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
4.賓語從句中連詞that引起的賓語從句和定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that、which，whom等
在定語從句中作賓與可以省略that。
?、?、介詞的省略
prevent sb (from) doing sth.
stop sb (from) doing sth.
have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
spend time / money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
Ⅳ、替代
省略與代替的作用是什么?
1.so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達過的詞,短語或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動詞有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.
2.用not代替so的情況.
3.用不定式符號代替不定式.
4.用do在句子中代替其它動詞.