初中英語寫作方法
初中英語寫作方法
NMET書面表達評分標準“最高檔”要求:“應用了較多的語法結構或詞匯;語法結構或詞匯方面有少許錯誤,但為盡力使用較復雜結構或較高級詞匯所致;有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使全文結構緊湊。”從歷年書面表達高分文章來看,每篇文章都有“亮”點,即在用詞、造句或段落安排上都有獨到之處。
要想獲得高分就應在“正確”表達的基礎上寫出自己的特色,寫出自己的“亮”點。
一、詞匯選擇——標新立異
在寫作中“較高級詞匯”的使用主要是指使用《大綱》上沒有的詞語、使用通過構詞法變化來的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來代替常見詞語。
1)這棟房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。
A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.
B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.
分析:is in是常見詞語,而situates in則是《大綱》上沒有的,屬于高級詞匯。
2)在周末我們做很多作業(yè)。
A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
B: At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
分析:B句在表達時沒有使用過于直接的a lot of,而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大綱》詞匯end加后綴-less變化來的。
3)洗澡間和廚房都很好。
A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good.
B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished.
在表達要點時,B句使用了well furnished,這比good語氣強,也顯得生動。
在造句時,“較高級詞匯”如能運用貼切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一個,也會使你的作文顯示出與眾不同。
二、結構造句——與眾不同
在造句時,既要使句子生動,又要使其簡明扼要。
1、使用與人不同的表達方式,特別是提倡打破漢語句子結構的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。
1)唐山曾在二十世紀八十年代發(fā)生過一次大地震。
A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.
B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.
大多數(shù)同學使用了there be結構,這是對的,但是B句卻摒棄了常見句式。另辟蹊徑而使用了“主語+謂語+賓語”結構,且使用了terrible,hit/strike這樣的詞匯,更是難能可貴的。
2)你八月十五日的來信我今天早晨收到了。
A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多數(shù)人使用的方式)
B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(與多數(shù)人使用的方式不同,簡潔)
2.使用一些強勢句式,如強調句、感嘆句、倒裝句等,增強語句的表現(xiàn)力。如:
3)阿福救了我妹妹。
A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)
B: It was Ah Fu that saved my sister.(強調句式)
4)我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長勢喜人很是高興。
A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句)
B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感嘆句)
3、句式多樣,復雜得體。在寫作中應避免使用相同長度的相同句型,而應注意句式的變化,如長短句結合,簡單句、并列句與復合句共用,還可使用簡化句等;一些較復雜的結構如獨立主格,分詞結構等也可使用。下面的表達中A句簡單句多,而且多處使用there be結構,顯得單調、乏味,而B句就有自己的特色(請同學們自己分析)。
5)這是一套25平方米的住房,住房里面有臥室、有洗澡間、有廚房;臥室里有床、沙發(fā)、桌子和椅子等。
A: It's a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well.
B: It's a flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
三、布局謀篇——獨具匠心
在寫作中,我們可按時間、空間或其它邏輯順序來安排各要點,同時為使主題突出,結構嚴謹,我們應注意學習和使用交代句以及段落的主題句等。在布局謀篇上,NMET2002范文堪稱典范。請看:
Opinions are divided on the question.
60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardens and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.
1)該文使用Opinions are divided...作交代句,開門見山,隨后兩個段落均使用了主題句(見黑體字部分),使全文結構緊湊,表達嚴謹。
2)在表述要點時范文還對要點出場順序作了調整,如“40%的同學認為應收門票,但不宜過高。”前部分作為主題句放在句首,而后部分另起一句放在句末:They suggested, however, fees should be charged low.這樣就分清了輕重緩急,主題突出,條理清楚。
3)范文使用了and, what is more, however等連詞,在段落之間使用了on the other hand(說明前后兩個觀點是相悖的),這些連接手段的運用加強了句子之間、段落之間的聯(lián)系,使文章表達連貫,渾然一體。
4)范文在第二段為說明不收門票的“原因”時增加了Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.等細節(jié),這也是解決句與句之間缺少連貫性的常見方法。
總之,要想使自己的文章有亮點,吸引讀者,在考試中獲得高分,就應在用詞、造句、謀篇上下功夫,哪怕是有一處特長都是“亮”點,都是值得肯定的。
初中英語作文寫作方法:
一、掌握常用過渡性詞語
敘事文常用的句子間連接詞
at first; at last; in the end…
then / next/ after that…
when / while/as soon as/not… until…
at the same time; at times; once in a while;
so that
To one’s surprise/joy
Luckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…
in a word/in all
議論文常用連接詞
表示并列:either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also;
表示遞進的:besides; what’s more; what’s worse; (moreover);
表示原因的:because; for…; because of…; thanks to…; (for the reason that…);
表示結果的:so; as a result; so…that…; therefore;
表示目的的:so that…; in order that…; (in order) to…; for…;
表示對比的:while; on the one hand + on the other hand; Each coin has two sides.; prefer…to…; would rather do…than do…;
表示轉折的:however; but;
表示舉例的:for example; for instance; such as…; like…; that is to say…
表示總結的:in all/short; in a word; in brief/ total; last but not least; last;
表示利弊的:be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; …have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb. benefit from sth. affect; have an effect on sb.;
表示喜愛的:love/like/enjoy…; be fond of…; be interested in…; show great interest in…; lose oneself in…; put one’s heart into…; be good at; be poor at; be weak in;
表達個人想法的:
I think/believe…; (as) for me; in my opinion/view; as a student; from the bottom of my heart; personally;
其他:
in general; generally speaking; to be short; to be honest; to tell the truth; as we know; make up one’s mind to do; in a way;