關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)講數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)概況的英語(yǔ)
計(jì)算機(jī)是我們我們可以多多學(xué)習(xí)的英語(yǔ)，所以小編今天就給大家整理了有關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)的英語(yǔ)，有時(shí)間可以參考一下
計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)
facilitate 使容易，促進(jìn)
retrieval n. 檢索
field n. 字段
record 記錄，
alphabetically 按字母順序地
chronologically 按年代順序排
break down v. 分解
build up 建造，裝配，組成
encyclopedia n. 百科全書(shū)
reference n. 涉及，參考，引用
bibliography 書(shū)目，參考書(shū)目
periodical n. 期刊，雜志
literature n. 文獻(xiàn)，著作
professional n. 專(zhuān)業(yè)人員，專(zhuān)家
A database consists of a file or a set of files. The information in these files may be broken down into records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units of data storage, and each field typically contains information pertaining to one aspect or attribute of the entity described by the database. Using keywords and various sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange, group, and select the fields in many records to retrieve or create reports on particular aggregates of data.
一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)由一個(gè)文件或文件集合組成。這些文件中的信息可分解成一個(gè)個(gè)記錄，每個(gè)記錄有一個(gè)或多個(gè)域。域是數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的基本單位，每個(gè)域一般含有由數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)描述的屬于實(shí)體的一個(gè)方面或一個(gè)特性的信息。用戶(hù)使用鍵盤(pán)和各種排序命令，能夠快速查找、重排、分組并在查找的許多記錄中選擇相應(yīng)的域，建立特定集上的報(bào)表。
Database records and files must be organized to allow retrieval of the information. Early systems were arranged sequentially (i.e., alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically); the development of direct-access storage devices made possible random access to data via indexes. Queries are the main way users retrieve database information. Typically, the user provides a string of characters, and the computer searches the database for a corresponding sequence and provides the source materials in which those characters appear. A user can request, for example, all records in which the content of the field for a person's last name is the word Smith.
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)記錄和文件的組織必須確保能對(duì)信息進(jìn)行檢索。早期的系統(tǒng)是順序組織的(如：字母順序、數(shù)字順序或時(shí)間順序);直接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備的研制成功使得通過(guò)索引隨機(jī)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)成為可能。用戶(hù)檢索數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息的主要方法是query(查詢(xún))。通常情況下，用戶(hù)提供一個(gè)字符串，計(jì)算機(jī)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中尋找相應(yīng)的字符序列，并且給出字符串在何處出現(xiàn)。比如，用戶(hù)能夠在所有記錄中尋找所有l(wèi)ast name域?yàn)镾mith的記錄。
In flat databases [2], records are organized according to a simple list of entities; many simple databases for personal computers are flat in structure. The records in hierarchical databases are organized in a treelike structure, with each level of records branching off into a set of smaller categories. Unlike hierarchical databases, which provide single links between sets of records at different levels, network databases create multiple linkages between sets by placing links, or pointers, to one set of records in another; the speed and versatility of network databases have led to their wide use in business.
在非結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，按照實(shí)體的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單列表組織記錄;很多個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)易數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)的。層次型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)按樹(shù)型組織記錄，每一層的記錄分解成更小的屬性集。層次型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在不同層的記錄集之間提供一個(gè)單一鏈接，與此不同，網(wǎng)絡(luò)型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在不同記錄集之間提供多個(gè)鏈接，這是通過(guò)設(shè)置指向其它記錄集的鏈或指針來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。網(wǎng)絡(luò)型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的速度及多樣性使其在企業(yè)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
Relational databases are used where associations among files or records cannot be expressed by links; a simple flat list becomes one table, or “relation”, and multiple relations can be mathematically associated to yield desired information. Object-oriented databases store and manipulate more complex data structures, called “objects”, which are organized into hierarchical classes that may inherit properties from classes higher in the chain; this database structure is the most flexible and adaptable.
當(dāng)文件或記錄間的關(guān)系不能用鏈表達(dá)時(shí)，使用關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。一個(gè)表或一個(gè)“關(guān)系”，就是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的非結(jié)構(gòu)列表。多個(gè)關(guān)系可通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系提供所需信息。面向?qū)ο蟮臄?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)并處理更復(fù)雜的稱(chēng)為對(duì)象的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，可組織成有層次的類(lèi)，其中的每個(gè)類(lèi)可以繼承層次鏈中更高一級(jí)類(lèi)的特性，這種數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)最靈活，最具適應(yīng)性。
關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)講數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)概況的英語(yǔ)相關(guān)文章：
1.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯大全
3.計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)英語(yǔ)詞匯