對(duì)于托?？谡Z(yǔ)的備考來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論學(xué)生還是老師都會(huì)在口語(yǔ)教學(xué)、學(xué)習(xí)中為每道題探尋一套更新、更合理、更有實(shí)用價(jià)值的答案結(jié)構(gòu)。那么，下面小編就為大家推薦一下托?？谡Z(yǔ)Task1如何建立最佳結(jié)構(gòu)，希望能為大家的托福備考帶來(lái)幫助。

　　托?？谡Z(yǔ)Task1如何建立最佳結(jié)構(gòu)?點(diǎn)題需簡(jiǎn)潔明確

　　Task 1作為整個(gè)口語(yǔ)部分的第一道題，其意義是十分重要的：Task 1給了我們適應(yīng)口語(yǔ)部分考試氣氛、調(diào)整自我狀態(tài)的機(jī)會(huì)，如果Task 1答得好，對(duì)于我們作答口語(yǔ)部分之后題目的士氣和信心也是一個(gè)很大的鼓舞。Task 1的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間只有15秒鐘，這就要求我們一定要在答題之前對(duì)于自己“該怎么說(shuō)”要心里有數(shù)，而這個(gè)“該怎么說(shuō)”無(wú)疑就來(lái)自我們?cè)诳记皩?duì)答案結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)備，那么在45秒鐘的答題時(shí)間內(nèi)，怎么樣的結(jié)構(gòu)才是最合理的呢? 想要充分展開答案，小編建議考生可以采取如下的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　點(diǎn)題：也即用一個(gè)詞/詞組回答題干問(wèn)題，這一部分的處理要簡(jiǎn)練干脆，防止因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)了過(guò)于復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間，影響之后論辯的展開。

　　提出特點(diǎn)一：你選擇的事物最大的特點(diǎn)是什么?這里，我們應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)最易于展開的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)不同的題目，最好能夠馬上提出進(jìn)一步的論斷或者舉出例子。這一點(diǎn)是我們論證題目的最重點(diǎn)。

　　特點(diǎn)二：提出一個(gè)次要特點(diǎn)，這個(gè)特點(diǎn)可以用一句話來(lái)說(shuō)完，比較好的選擇是描述性詞組或者排比句。注意，三個(gè)以上的并列結(jié)構(gòu)才能夠稱作“排比”，排比結(jié)構(gòu)能夠加強(qiáng)論證的氣勢(shì)，并且體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言的豐富性，這些描述性結(jié)構(gòu)的積累需要我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)積累語(yǔ)匯庫(kù)方面多下功夫。

　　拔高+總結(jié)：作為結(jié)尾，我們可以引申或進(jìn)一步敘述+觀點(diǎn)或想法。這點(diǎn)依然是因題而異，如果特點(diǎn)一展得比較開或者舉了例子，時(shí)間已經(jīng)比較緊張了，我們甚至可以舍棄這點(diǎn)。

　　這樣總結(jié)下來(lái)，口語(yǔ)考試Task 1的結(jié)構(gòu)是：

　　點(diǎn)題： 特點(diǎn)一 ，舉例或展開論斷，特點(diǎn)二

　　或者，在特點(diǎn)一展開不充分或者時(shí)間比較寬裕的情況下

　　點(diǎn)題 ：特點(diǎn)一 ， 特點(diǎn)二 ，拔高+總結(jié)

　　讓我們以一道官方真題Official里出現(xiàn)過(guò)的題目作為例題來(lái)詳細(xì)講解一下這種結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用：

　　What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons and examples. (官方真題Official 12)

　　首先來(lái)破題。我們可以看到，這道題目的題干并不是十分難以理解，答案的重點(diǎn)也比較容易抓住。很顯然，在題干的疑問(wèn)句中，限定性的重要信息有三點(diǎn)：

　　Most efficient: 這一點(diǎn)要求我們?cè)诖鸢钢斜仨毻怀鰧?duì)“最有效率”的解釋。題目的要求是specific reasons and examples，那么這些reasons、examples一定是針對(duì)most efficient這個(gè)屬性而提出的;而這一點(diǎn)同時(shí)也暗示，在回答這道題的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該尋找有普適性的屬性，而非出自個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的論斷。

　　Type of transportation: 這說(shuō)明答案是一道具體事物題，我們描述的主體必須是一種交通工具，而非其他;

　　In your country: 這一點(diǎn)提醒我們，在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)，我們的答案需要符合實(shí)際，不能夠太過(guò)于天馬行空、想象力過(guò)剩。如果說(shuō)中國(guó)最有效率的交通工具是宇宙飛船的話，那么我們首先在組織語(yǔ)言上肯定會(huì)碰到論據(jù)不足的困難，其次，雖然說(shuō)托?？荚嚨脑u(píng)分并不會(huì)以考生觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)錯(cuò)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但這樣的答案從一開始就會(huì)給考官留下一個(gè)不會(huì)審題的不好印象。

　　根據(jù)上面給出的結(jié)構(gòu)二，我們可以這樣考慮解題的思路：

　　點(diǎn)題：The most efficient type of transportation in my country is…

　　特點(diǎn)一：(Why?) 可以是例子、也可以是敘述

　　特點(diǎn)二：(Why else?) 三個(gè)形容詞，擴(kuò)展或者不擴(kuò)展

　　拔高+總結(jié)：(What does the future hold?) 展望+再確認(rèn)

　　以下給出一個(gè)Sample Answer供大家參考：

　　The most efficient type of transportation in my country is the railway train. Firstly, in the month before the Spring Festival every year, the railway system mobilizes billions of home-coming people in all parts of the country, and its development is very fast. And also, for most Chinese people, taking a train is cheaper, safer and more convenient, it has always been their first choice when traveling. Now that China’s building Rapid Railway tracks all around the country, the speed of trains would be increased by hundreds of kilometers per hour, which makes train traveling even more efficient.

　　學(xué)會(huì)托?？谡Z(yǔ)連貫性表達(dá)的6大法則助你的托福考試得高分

　　在托?？谡Z(yǔ)的評(píng)分過(guò)程中，表達(dá)的連貫性也是不可或缺的一個(gè)重要部分，現(xiàn)在為大家整理了六條原則，讓大家在新托福的口語(yǔ)考試中能夠連貫的說(shuō)出自己的答案。

　　1. 運(yùn)用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:

　　Introductory statement

　　Point 1

　　Point 2

　　Point 3

　　Concluding statement

　　An example of this pattern is shown below:

　　Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.

　　1. way of obtaining specimens

　　2. spares can be released into the wild

　　3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators

　　The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.

　　2. 運(yùn)用連接詞

　　Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.

　　These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.

　　3. 解釋或定義陌生概念

　　In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:

　　My hobby is telemark skiing.

　　If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:

　　That means skiing using telemark skis.

　　Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:

　　1. State the word or phrase to be defined.

　　2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.

　　3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.

　　Read this example of an effective definition:

　　Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.

　　4. 正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)

　　Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:

　　My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.

　　The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.

　　5. 對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換

　　When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.

　　This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.

　　The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.

　　6. 時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)量的統(tǒng)一

　　Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:

　　My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.

　　The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.

　　The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.