近五年高考英語(yǔ)聽力場(chǎng)景詞匯
高考考試的對(duì)話內(nèi)容場(chǎng)景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,有校園、生活、工作、各種社交場(chǎng)所。了解一些場(chǎng)景下的常用語(yǔ)和常見表達(dá)對(duì)解題是很有幫助的。對(duì)這些常用詞匯和短語(yǔ)不僅要知道其本身的意思,還要知道它們的同義表達(dá)方式。這是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在聽力試題一般不會(huì)在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)對(duì)話中的原詞和詞組。以下場(chǎng)景是對(duì)話當(dāng)中所占比例最大的,掌握了這些場(chǎng)景下的常用短語(yǔ)和表達(dá)方式,也就從詞匯和短語(yǔ)方面抓住了解題的關(guān)鍵。
(1)餐館場(chǎng)景:
restaurant餐館; cafeteria 自助餐廳;
buffet 自助餐; canteen;dining hall 食堂,餐廳;
coffee shop;cafe咖啡屋 ;
snack bar 小吃街、大排擋
【go out for dinner / dinner out / eat out 出去吃飯】
waiter/waitress 男/女服務(wù)生;
order 點(diǎn)菜 ;serve 上菜 ;
menu 菜單;bill 賬單
【pay the bill 付賬】
tip 小費(fèi);change 零錢
【Keep the change! 不用找零錢了! 】
treat 請(qǐng)客
【This is my treat!、 It’s on me!我請(qǐng)客! 】
【go Dutch ;Let’s go fifty fifty. AA制】
【Help yourself. 請(qǐng)隨便吃】
knife刀;fork叉;chopsticks筷子;
spoon勺子;plate碟子;tray 托盤;
appetizer 開胃菜;dessert甜品,水果;
soup 湯 ;steak 牛排;cheese奶酪 ;
sandwich 三明治;hamburger 漢堡包;
French fries 炸薯?xiàng)l;pizza 披薩;
bacon 培根 ; chicken雞肉;
beef牛肉;pork豬肉
drink 喝,飲料;wine 紅酒;
coke 可口可樂(lè);
coffee咖啡;dressing 調(diào)味醬;
pepper胡椒;ketchup 番茄醬;
delicious、yummy 可口的;rare半熟的
(2)郵局場(chǎng)景:
stamp郵票;envelope 信封;
package / parcel 包裹;
parcel form包裹單;zip code郵編;
weight重量;overweight 超重;
postage郵費(fèi);extra postage 額外郵資;insurance保險(xiǎn);
send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /發(fā)信;
delivery投遞,傳送;claim領(lǐng)取;
express mail 快件;EMS特快專遞;
airmail 航空信件; surface mail 平郵;
ordinary letter平信;
registered letter掛號(hào)信。
(3)圖書館場(chǎng)景:
library card借書證;
borrow借入;lend借出;
keep持有,保管,存放;renew續(xù)借;return歸還;
overdue 借書逾期;pay a fine 交罰款;
librarian 圖書管理員;bookshelf書架;
novel小說(shuō);science fiction科幻小說(shuō);
magazine雜志; periodical期刊;reference book參考書;
(4)校園場(chǎng)景:
tuition學(xué)費(fèi); scholarship獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;
term/semester 學(xué)期;seminar研討班;
presentation 課堂發(fā)言;
assignment/homework作業(yè);register 注冊(cè);
be absent 缺席;final exam 期末考試;
review/ go over復(fù)習(xí); fail/pass不及格/通過(guò);
cut a class逃課; graduate畢業(yè); stationery文具;
essay論文;paper試卷;
attend a lecture 聽講座 textbook 課本;
classroom 教師;laboratory實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
mark/grade 成績(jī);course 課程;
subject 學(xué)科;playground 操場(chǎng)
(5)醫(yī)院及健康場(chǎng)景:
doctor醫(yī)生;dentist牙醫(yī);physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生;
surgeon外科醫(yī)生;nurse護(hù)士;
hospital醫(yī)院;clinic 診所;
Health Center醫(yī)療中心;
emergency room/ department 急診室;
emergent treatment急救處理;
first aid 急救;treatment治療手段;
check up 檢查;physical examination體檢;
take one’s temperature / blood pressure
測(cè)量體溫/血壓;
show one’s tongue伸出舌頭;
write a prescription開處方;
give an injection打針;
visiting hours 探視時(shí)間
medicine藥;pills / tablets藥丸/藥片;
aspirin 阿司匹林; suffer from受…苦;
pain疼痛;headache頭痛;stomachache肚子痛;
backache背痛;sore-throat喉嚨痛;
cough咳嗽;fever發(fā)燒;cold / flu 感冒/流感
【have/catch a cold患感冒】;
heart attack 心臟病;dizzy眩暈的;
——What’s up? / How is it going? / How are you?
——I’m fine. / I feel good/ terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me. 好。
I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. 不好。
(注意聽語(yǔ)氣:身體好的時(shí)候,語(yǔ)調(diào)上揚(yáng),語(yǔ)氣非常歡快; 身體不好的時(shí)候,降調(diào),語(yǔ)氣非常郁悶。)
(6)電話場(chǎng)景:
operator 接線員
【Extension six two two six, please.請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)6226。The line is bad/ busy / engaged. It kept a busy line. 電話占線?!?/p>
long distance call 長(zhǎng)途電話;
collect call 對(duì)方付費(fèi)電話;put through 接通電話;
leave a message留口信;
dial the wrong number撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼;
call/ telephone/ ring/ phone sb.;
give sb. a call/ ring給某人打電話;
——Hello! This is …speaking. 您好,我是…。
——Who’s speaking?/Who is that? 您是誰(shuí)?
Hold on /Hold the line, please. 請(qǐng)稍等,別掛斷。
I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again.我一會(huì)兒再打。
I couldn’t get through.打不通;
Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.對(duì)不起,您撥錯(cuò)號(hào)啦。
(7)酒店場(chǎng)景:
make a reservation 預(yù)定房間;
reception desk 接待處;
reception服務(wù)臺(tái);receptionist 服務(wù)員;
accommodation住宿; registration登記;
check in 入住;check out 結(jié)帳;
Identity/ID card 身份證;fill out a form填表;
single room 單間;double room雙人間;
suite套間;room number房間號(hào);
room key房間鑰匙;room service客房服務(wù);
wake-up call叫醒電話
Do you have a reservation Sir?先生,您預(yù)訂了嗎?
Have you got any vacant room? (= Is there any room available here?) 有空房間嗎?
All the room are occupied. 房間已滿。
Can I have a suite please?有套間嗎?
How much do you charge for that? 如何收費(fèi)?
Smoking or no smoking? 吸煙或不吸煙?
Meals included. 包括飲食。
Can I show you your room? 我可以帶你去你的房間?
Can I carry your luggage?我可以幫你提行李嗎?
(8)交通場(chǎng)景:
plane飛機(jī);ship輪船;bus 公交車;
coach長(zhǎng)途客車;train火車;
subway/underground 地鐵;
railway 鐵路;highway 公路;
sidewalk/pavement人行道;
one-way street 單行道;
rush hour交通高峰期; crowded擁擠的;
heavy traffic擁擠的交通; traffic jam交通阻塞;
traffic rules交通規(guī)則; traffic lights交通燈;
driving license駕照; driver司機(jī);
garage修車廠、車庫(kù);
car accident/crash車禍;speed超速;r
un the red light闖紅燈; flat tire爆胎;
scratches刮蹭;fix/repair修理;survive幸存
by plane/air乘飛機(jī); by sea/land水路、陸路;
by subway/underground 乘地鐵;
transfer換乘、轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)
May I see your license, please?
我可以看看你的駕照,好嗎?
You will be fined by $20.
你將處以20元的罰款。
(9)機(jī)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)景:
airline航空公司;airway 航線;flight 航班;
book/serve預(yù)定; behind schedule 晚點(diǎn);
cancel取消;customs海關(guān); security check安檢;
passport護(hù)照;visa簽證;
departure lounge 候機(jī)室;
departure gate登機(jī)口;check in 辦理登機(jī)手續(xù);
on board登機(jī);boarding pass/card 登機(jī)牌;
luggage/baggage行李; suitcase行李箱;
take off 起飛;land降落; safe landing安全著陸
bound for…飛往…方向去的;
departure to 前往;destination目的地;
departure time起飛時(shí)間;
see sb. off為某人送行; pick up接機(jī)
【在飛機(jī)上】
a window seat靠窗的座位;
an aisle seat靠走道的座位; captain機(jī)長(zhǎng);
pilot飛行員;airhostess/stewardess空姐;
fasten the safety/safe belt系緊安全帶;
airsick暈機(jī); jet lag飛機(jī)時(shí)差反應(yīng);
(10)在火車站(At the railway station):
booking/ticket office售票處;
conductor售票員; train 火車;
express train特快列車; carriage車廂;
dining car餐車;waiting room 候車室;
platform 站臺(tái),月臺(tái);
one way trip/ticket 單程/單程票;
round trip/ticket往返/往返票;
a hard seat 硬座;a soft seat軟座
(11)購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景:
store 商店;grocery食品店;
department store 百貨商場(chǎng);
shopping center/mall 購(gòu)物中心;
shop assistant店員;counter 柜臺(tái);
receipt 收據(jù);deliver 送貨; refund 退款;
bargain便宜貨;out of stock 脫銷/缺貨;
in stock 有貨;selling season 銷售旺季;
on sale打折; 50% off 打五折;
a 30% discount打七折;
catalogue 產(chǎn)品目錄;
Commodity information商品信息;
brand 品牌; size尺碼;color顏色;
style樣式;price價(jià)格;
【W(wǎng)hat color/size/kind do you want?您需要什么樣的顏色/多大尺寸/哪種?】
second-hand 二手的;popular / fashionable 流行的;
in fashion 流行,時(shí)尚;
out of fashion 過(guò)時(shí)的;
商品論貴賤expensive, cheap;
價(jià)格論高低high, low;
pay in cash 用現(xiàn)金支付;
pay in check 用支票支付;
credit card 信用卡;
pay by installment 分期付款;
【在服裝店(In a clothing store/shop)】
trousers 褲子 clothes 衣服;skirt裙子;
shirt襯衫;jacket夾克;coat上衣;
a bigger size 稍大一點(diǎn)尺寸;
what size 多大尺寸;
this style這種式樣;
fit you合你身;try on試穿;match 相配
(12)天氣場(chǎng)景:
fine 晴朗的;sunny/bright/clear 陽(yáng)光明媚的;
overcast 多云;cloudy 陰;humid 濕潤(rùn)的;
wet 潮濕的; rainy有雨的; clear up 天空放晴;
freezing-cold 冰冷的;hot炎熱的;cool涼爽的;
warm暖和的;mild溫和的;windy有風(fēng)的;
calm無(wú)風(fēng)的;breeze微風(fēng); moderate 風(fēng)力不大;
strong/ high winds 大風(fēng);tornado 龍卷風(fēng);
typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng);fog霧;snow雪;
drizzle毛毛細(xì)雨;light rain小雨;
shower 陣雨;storm 暴風(fēng)雨;
downpour傾盆大雨;
【It rains cats and dogs.(=The rain is pouring.)下著傾盆大雨】
thunder 打雷; blizzard大風(fēng)雪;
snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪;
【weather in London / Seattle 意指不好的天氣;weather in California 意指好天氣】
經(jīng)常和天氣相聯(lián)系的情況:
vacation(假期) 和 flight(航班)
(be delayed延誤/cancelled取消by the bad weather)。
put away clothes 下雨收衣服;
(13)銀行場(chǎng)景:
business hour 營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間;deposit存款;
withdraw 取款;open an account 開戶;
savings account 儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶;
check account 支票賬戶;
interest rate 利率;cash a check兌現(xiàn)支票
(14)常見的身份與職業(yè):
part-time job 兼職工作; full-time job 全職工作
psychologist心理學(xué)家;principal校長(zhǎng);
professor 教授;postman 郵遞員;
driver司機(jī);policeman 警察;
firefighter 消防員;assistant 助手/助教;
receptionist接待員;typist 打字員;
cashier收納;waiter 服務(wù)員;
passenger 乘客;ticket seller 售票員;
conductor 售票員,列車長(zhǎng);
salesman銷售員;nurse 護(hù)士;
housewife 家庭主婦;lawyer律師;
engineer 工程師;architect建筑師;
chef廚師;guide 導(dǎo)游;
reporter/journalist 記者;editor 編輯;
author作家;pianist鋼琴家;
musician音樂(lè)家;singer歌手;
photographer 攝影師;artist藝術(shù)家;
designer設(shè)計(jì)師;scientist科學(xué)家;
barber理發(fā)師;butcher屠夫;tailor裁縫
(15)人物關(guān)系relationship:
strangers陌生人;neighbors鄰居;
classmates同學(xué);colleagues/co-workers同事;
friends朋友; husband and wife 夫妻;
guest and receptionist客人與接待員;
doctor and patient醫(yī)生與病人;
teacher and student師生;
boss and secretary老板和秘書;
policeman and driver警察與司機(jī);
interviewer and interviewee面試官與面試者;
employer and employee 雇主與員工;
shop assistant/waiter and customer營(yíng)業(yè)員與顧客;
parent and child 父母與子女
(14)工作:
job opportunity 工作機(jī)會(huì);interview面試;
resume簡(jiǎn)歷;educational background教育背景;
application letter 求職信;recommendation 推薦信;
certificate 助手;qualification資歷;
experience 經(jīng)驗(yàn);position 職位;salary 薪水;
allowance津貼;promotion晉升;vacation休假;
break 短暫休息;retire 退休;work overtime加班;
shift work 倒班工作;ask for leave 請(qǐng)假;
sick leave 病假;have a week off 休一周假;
clerk職員;secretary秘書;manager經(jīng)理;
HR manager人事經(jīng)理;general manager總經(jīng)理;
client客戶
(15)興趣愛好:
hobby 興趣; entertainment 娛樂(lè);
go to the cinema/movies/theatre 去看電影;
comedy喜劇;tragedy悲劇;
action movie 動(dòng)作片;cartoon 動(dòng)畫片;
documentary 紀(jì)錄片;thriller 驚悚片;
horror film恐怖片;detective movie偵探片;
western film西部片;soap opera 肥皂劇
hiking 徒步旅行;camping野營(yíng);
diving潛水;surfing沖浪;skiing滑雪;
seashore 海岸;beach海灘;
sun-burnt 曬黑的;palace宮殿;castle城堡
(16)運(yùn)動(dòng):
competition 競(jìng)賽;sports field運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng);
club俱樂(lè)部;sportsman/athlete/player運(yùn)動(dòng)員;
coach教練;champion冠軍;
gold/silver/bronze medal金/銀/銅牌;
basketball籃球;football美式足球;
soccer英式足球;volleyball排球;
baseball棒球;tennis網(wǎng)球;
table tennis乒乓球;golf高爾夫;
jogging慢跑;swimming游泳;
wrestling摔跤;shooting射擊;
boxing拳擊;weightlifting舉重;
relay race接力賽;
break the world record 打破世界紀(jì)錄
(17)觀光旅游:
vacation/holiday 假日;
historical spots/relics 古跡;scenery 風(fēng)景;
museum博物館;mountain山脈;river河流;
lake 湖泊;waterfall瀑布;beach 沙灘;
island 島嶼;lawn 草地;temple寺廟;
zoo動(dòng)物園;travel/trip/tour/voyage
旅行;travel agency 旅行社;
a guided tour 有導(dǎo)游的旅行;
go sightseeing觀光; hotel 賓館;
souvenir 紀(jì)念品;ticket 票
景點(diǎn)評(píng)論:
fascinating/breathtaking 激動(dòng)人心的;
thrilling 刺激的;refreshing清爽的;
unforgettable難忘的;
terrific/ fantastic極好的;
(18)租房:
landlord 房東;landlady女房東;
rent租/租金;deposit押金;contract合同;
furnished 有家具電器的;furniture 家具;
heat暖氣;gas煤氣;electricity 電;
lift 電梯;stairs 樓梯;balcony陽(yáng)臺(tái);
living room起居室;guest room客廳;
dinning room 餐廳;kitchen 廚房;
bathroom 浴室;toilet 衛(wèi)生間;
basement 地下室
(19)日常生活:
housework 家務(wù);channel頻道;
cook烹飪;dining table飯桌;fridge冰箱;
television電視;oven烤箱;cabinet 櫥柜;
dishwasher洗碗機(jī);sheet床單;
blanket毯子;carpet地毯;curtain窗簾;
towel毛巾;shampoo洗發(fā)水;
soap肥皂;haircut理發(fā);shaver剃須刀