雅思聽力之選項分類聽力法
雅思聽力之選項分類聽力法
雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼难潘悸犃χx項分類聽力法,希望能幫到大家!
雅思聽力之選項分類聽力法
雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。即便是單選題(一個問題和三個選項)大多數(shù)考生也很難在限定時間內(nèi)完成閱讀,對選項多則七個左右的多選題或是配對題更是如此。因此,有必要對選項進行一定的簡化,減少聽力閱讀負擔。選項分類法,按照選項間的相似性或?qū)α⑿詫λo選項進行分類,能夠縮小聽力關(guān)注范圍,提高聽力準確性。下面筆者將集中關(guān)注劍橋,從單選、多選和配對題三個方面展示選項分類法的應(yīng)用。
1. 單選題
Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2
Q19 The number of students counseled by the service last year was
A 214
B 240
C 2600
原文:… last academic year, in spite of staff cuts, we counseled two hundred and forty international students for a total of twenty-six hundred hours counseling…
該題可算是選項分類法具代表性的例子,三個選項均為相對于文字而更為直觀的數(shù)字。稍具聽力做題經(jīng)驗的同學(xué)都能很快確定這題考查的核心點是fourteen和forty,基于這樣的對立性,便可將A、B 劃分為一類,C為另一類。在這里需要重點指出的是,選項分類法對不是簡單地將歸為另一類的C選項排除,而只是說A、B選項有且只有一個選項存在,或是說將1/3的答案正確性提高到了1/2。其實,C項2600在原文也有出現(xiàn),只是其修飾對象為hours,而不是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞students,這才將它排除。
對于選項為文字的選題來說,就不能獲取向數(shù)字一樣直觀的信息,所以必須通過對選項中的同義或是反義的表達的理解實現(xiàn)選項類別的劃分。
Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2
Q16 Students should consult Glenda Roberts if
A their general health is poor.
B their diet is too strict.
C they can’t eat the local food.
原文:You may also be off your food, or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking…
快速閱讀選項,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)B項和C項的相似之處,diet 和food 同義,因此可將兩者劃為一類。
Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2
Q19 The university accommodation officer will
A send a list of agents for students to agents.
B contact accommodation agencies for students.
C ensure that students have suitable accommodation.
原文:… we have a full-time accommodation officer… will deal with the agencies on your behalf.
A 項的表述可理解為“宿管員將房屋中介的信息給學(xué)生們,讓學(xué)生自己去聯(lián)系”,而B項傳遞的信息為“宿管員幫學(xué)生聯(lián)系房屋中介,了解相關(guān)房屋信息。”這兩者之間存在明顯的對立性,可歸為一類。
2. 多選題
Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2
Qs 11-12 What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is s peaking to?
A higher than average results in examinations
B good transportation links with central London
C near London Airport
D special government funding
E good links with local industry
原文:… there is I think at Rexford an excellent combination of physical and geographical advantages… Rexford is just 35 minutes from London Airport… have unusually close relationship with industry in the area.
多選題相對于單選題信息量更大,更難把握,但只要能發(fā)現(xiàn)選項間的聯(lián)系就能簡化選項。這題非常適合應(yīng)用選項分類法,因為開篇句甚至就明確給出了劃分的標準,地理優(yōu)勢和自身優(yōu)勢兩方面:
Physical advantages: A, D, E
Geographical advantages: B, C
如果聽力原文中并沒有給出明確的有效信息,那就必須通過句意的理解確立選項劃分的標準。
Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 3
Qs 28-30 Which THERE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover?
A An introduction to the Internet
B How to carry out research for a dissertation
C Making good use of the whole range of library services
D Planning a dissertation
E Standard requirements when writing a dissertation
F Using the Internet when doing research
G What books and technical resources are available in the library
原文:The first one’s resources … How to use the library’s resources… This term it’s finding research materials online…It’s a workshop on dissertations…how to write one? …
該題是典型的復(fù)雜長項選擇題,在快速獲取各選項的關(guān)鍵詞后,就不難進行劃分:
Internet: A, F
Dissertation: B, D, E
Resources: C, G
3. 配對題
Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 3
Qs 23-27 What recommendation does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles?
A must read
B useful
C limited value
D read first section
E read research methods
F read conclusion
G don’t read
Example: Anderson and Hawker: A
Jackson: 23 _____________
Roberts: 24 _____________
Morris: 25 _____________
Cooper: 26_____________
Forster: 27_____________
原文:… look at the part on research methodology…if it’s useful, I’ll try and read that one … I won’t bother with Morris…just look at the last part…It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much.
雖然已知信息貌似繁雜,但這題配對題也能很好體現(xiàn)選項分類法的優(yōu)勢。首先,從例子入手,A項 must read與之對應(yīng)的即為G項 don’t read,于是對剩下的選項就有了清晰的分類思路。
Value: B, C
Parts of articles: D, E, F
不是所有配對題都能恰好滿足運用選項分類法的條件,選項中可能只有小部分存在內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,但這并不違背運用該解題方法簡化選項、縮小范圍、提高準確性的初衷。
Cambridge 7 Test 2 Section 4
Qs 37-40 Which statement applies to each of the following people who were interviewed by Shona?
A gave false data
B decided to stop participating
C refused to tell Shona about their job
D kept changing their mind about participating
E became very angry with Shona
F was worried about confidentiality
People interviewed by Shona
37 a person interviewed in the street_____________
38 an undergraduate at the university _____________
39 a colleague in her apartment _______________
40 a tutor in a foreign university ______________
原文:…decided to pull out when it came to the second round; …wanted reassurance the no name would be traceable from the answers; …one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did do; …he wouldn’t tell me exactly what his work involved.
若依照上面已經(jīng)論述的選項分類法的應(yīng)用技巧分析該配對題的選項,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難將A 項與下面的某個選項歸為一類,如果就此糾結(jié)只會浪費時間。必須跳出所謂的框架限制!決不能為了方法而方法。Participating: B, D; Emotion: C, E。F項也不能找到對應(yīng)的同類項,但可確定關(guān)鍵詞confidentiality。這樣的分析也能獲得清晰的解題思路。
后需要再次指出的是,不是所有選擇題都可以或是只能適用選項分類法。該方法有其適用的特定條件,各選項必須存在明顯或是隱含的相似性或是對立性,而且往往是在和其他方法,尤其是關(guān)鍵詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換法,一起使用時才能更快更準的鎖定正確答案。此外,選項分類法不是簡單地將歸為另一類的選項排除,而只是說歸為一類的兩個選項在聽力原文中通常是有且只有一個存在,是一種隱性提高選擇題的答案正確率的方法。
雅思聽力機經(jīng)詞匯
Section 1 版本號 場景 題型
V08112 S1 Hotel booking Completion
詳細說明
為父親過生日的酒店選址
1. 價格:75
2. 吃飯標準:standard
3. 菜式:traditional
4. 價格:39.5
5. drinks are extra
6. 酒店可以幫助聯(lián)系band
7. 可以提供flowers
8. 還可以幫助制作name cards
9. 如果提前一個月預(yù)訂,住宿可以享受45%的折扣
10. 預(yù)訂請聯(lián)系:Corgen
Section 2 版本號 場景 題型
New Health Care Center Multiple Choice / Map
詳細說明
一個醫(yī)院的簡介和結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇題
11. 這個health care center有多少病人? B. 5000
12. 哪個醫(yī)生主治hearing problem? B. Dr. Green
13. 可以和女醫(yī)生的見面時間是:A. every weekday morning
14. 病人們可以在哪里買藥? C. Health care's pharmacy
15. 病人們會被問道是否同意做什么? A. one student attending in the consultation
地圖題16-20:
醫(yī)院里面每個房間的分布圖(reception, manager room, Dr. Smith’s room, recording room)
16. reception: F (左上角)
17. H
18. B
19. manager room: C (兩個store room中間)
20. D
Section 3 版本號 場景 題型
V09138 S3 Wind Power Completion
詳細說明
關(guān)于澳洲的風(fēng)力發(fā)電
21. 除了發(fā)電作用,還有抽water的作用
22. 風(fēng)車站建設(shè)之初的目的是進行research
23. 有人擔心風(fēng)車會很noisy
24. 會傷害birds
25. 架風(fēng)車和plane一樣大
26. half的電都是這個風(fēng)車站發(fā)的
27. Europe
28. 當?shù)剞r(nóng)民建設(shè)風(fēng)車會從government得到補貼
29. lower
30. 渦輪機是用玻璃和timber做成的
Section 4 版本號 場景 題型
V09141 S3 Shipping Multiple choice / Completion
詳細說明
一個shipping公司的歷史
選擇題
31. 為什么想建立公司?因為his first job
32. 他的公司建立后如何?immediately profitable
33. 他覺得蒸汽船在以后會?more reliable
34. 他中標以后,做了什么?set up a new company
35. 他為什么選擇在Boston建立公司?once worked before
36. 1944年的事件說明了什么?Boston is not suitable for a port
填空題
37. radio技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得航行中的communication更為方便了
38. newspapers的出現(xiàn)使得航行不那么無聊了
39. speed一直是shipping公司的追求
40. 人們開始把船和hotels相比