三段式議論文的寫作方法
我這里說(shuō)的“三段式”,不是議論文“提出問(wèn)題”、“分析問(wèn)題”、“解決問(wèn)題”的“三段式”,是議論文“本論”(分析問(wèn)題)部分的“三段式”。本論是文章的主要部分,對(duì)提出的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析和論證,往往需要用較大的篇幅,內(nèi)容復(fù)雜的還要分成幾節(jié)或者幾個(gè)部分,分別論述幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題。本論的論述內(nèi)容決定整篇文章質(zhì)量的好壞。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的三段式議論文的寫作方法,以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考
三段式議論文的寫作方法
1)議論文常用的方法議論文的方法有:舉例論證、分析論證、引證論證、對(duì)比論證和類比論證。還有反證法,證明對(duì)方論點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的,從而駁倒對(duì)方。
2)議論文的要求
(1) 論點(diǎn)要正確、鮮明。
在論證中,無(wú)論是對(duì)正面觀點(diǎn)的闡述,還是對(duì)反面觀點(diǎn)的反駁,自己的論點(diǎn)都必須正確,鮮明,贊成什么,反對(duì)什么,必須鮮明地表示出來(lái),不能含糊不清。
(2) 論據(jù)要充實(shí)可靠。
這就要求作者選擇論據(jù)要典型,要真實(shí)可靠。只有充實(shí)的論據(jù),文章才有說(shuō)明力。
(3) 論證要合乎邏輯。
這就要求論證時(shí),說(shuō)理要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),推理要合乎邏輯。最常見(jiàn)的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)是縱貫式,就是按提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的邏輯順序來(lái)安排層次,即:開(kāi)頭(引論)→本論(正文)→結(jié)尾(結(jié)論),也就是我們常說(shuō)的“三段式結(jié)構(gòu)”。
Challenge (向…挑戰(zhàn))Old Beliefs(信念,信仰)
There are many things in the world which are accepted as certain when they are not certain, and what an expert(專家) says or thinks must not be accepted or rejected(拋棄) hastily(急忙地). The following example may help to make us less rigid in our beliefs.
When helium(氦) is cooled to very low temperature, it forms an astonishing liquid which does not appear to agree with the laws of gravity. It can go upwards.(向上) If it is put into a bottle which is open at the top, it empties itself out of the bottle; and if an open bottle is stood in this liquid, the liquid will move up the outer (外部的)side of the bottle and run down inside it until the levels outside and inside are the same.
So anyone who is determined(堅(jiān)決的,有決心的) to advance science must have a capacity(能力,能量) for original thought and for action based on that thought.
本文是三段式結(jié)構(gòu),用舉例的方法進(jìn)行論證。第一段提出論點(diǎn),第二段舉例加以論證,第三段得出令人信服的結(jié)論。本文論點(diǎn)明確,論據(jù)科學(xué)可靠,由此而得出的結(jié)論非常有說(shuō)明力。