如何有效訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)考場(chǎng)寫作
對(duì)于絕大部分中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說,學(xué)習(xí)英文寫作似乎只是為了一個(gè)目的——應(yīng)試。的確,從基礎(chǔ)的中、高考,到大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí),乃至高階段的TEM、TOEFL、IELTS,研究生入學(xué)考試等等,寫作一直是必考的內(nèi)容之一。為了應(yīng)付這些考試,同學(xué)們不得不機(jī)械地背誦大量程式化的詞組、句子、甚至是范文。這種做法也許能在短期內(nèi)提高我們的應(yīng)試能力,可長(zhǎng)此以往,英文寫作勢(shì)必會(huì)重蹈歷史的覆轍,演變成又一種“八股文”,這是我們所不愿意看到的。那么,怎樣才能真正提高自己的寫作能力呢?
如何有效訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)考場(chǎng)寫作
一, 英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)應(yīng)試基本策略:
仔細(xì)審題。 如果是看圖寫文,看懂每幅圖之間的聯(lián)系至關(guān)重要。
寫要點(diǎn)。據(jù)每幅圖寫出一至兩句話。因?yàn)槊磕旮呖紩姹磉_(dá)一般控制在10句話,120個(gè)詞左右。
連句成文。每句話寫好后,用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連接起來(lái),使之上下連貫,呼應(yīng),通順,簡(jiǎn)潔。
查錯(cuò)漏。完稿后,檢查一下有沒有時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),拼寫錯(cuò)誤并逐一加以改正。
卷面整潔。卷面整潔干凈甚至比準(zhǔn)確,通順,簡(jiǎn)介更重要。因?yàn)檎麧嵏蓛艚o閱卷人精神上帶來(lái)愉悅,相對(duì)而言,分?jǐn)?shù)自然要給得高一些。
為了幫助同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)寫作練習(xí)的時(shí)候時(shí)刻牢記這些寫作的基本要領(lǐng),特編順口溜如下:細(xì)審題,巧構(gòu)思,列要點(diǎn),防遺漏。寫日記,同漢語(yǔ);書信,通知格式要牢記??辞鍒D表細(xì)梳理,寫人記事按順序;完稿后查遺漏,整潔干凈莫忘記。
二, 如何有效訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)考場(chǎng)寫作策略:從遣詞,造句,謀篇三個(gè)方面分析。
遣詞的原則:使用高等級(jí)詞匯及短語(yǔ), 如果僅僅記住幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,而且一味的重復(fù)低水平的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到大學(xué)的入學(xué)要求。這就要求考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練和考試當(dāng)中,有意識(shí)的強(qiáng)化“復(fù)雜,高級(jí)”這兩個(gè)概念,使自己的作文能力區(qū)別于普通學(xué)生的作文,使自己一下子就站在一個(gè)比別人高的位置上,充分顯示自己的實(shí)力。
平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意總結(jié)各種各樣的詞匯。以描述人物的詞匯為例:
表達(dá)人物愛憎感情:
like, love, be interested in, be fond of…
hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in…
happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened…
介紹人物的影響及人們對(duì)人的評(píng)價(jià):
He became famous for his new theory.
The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.
We regard Li Fei as our model.
Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.
People spoke highly of him and all respected him.
常見描述人物性格,外貌和身體狀況等的詞語(yǔ)
good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /absent-minded /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty/ be blind /lame in /be in good or poor condition/ healthy/ fine/ well /strong-tempered /bad-tempered /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc.
造句的原則:句式多變,語(yǔ)法活用,句子是表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意思的最小當(dāng)位,所以造句能力在英文寫作中是非常重要的。好的英語(yǔ)句子能夠生動(dòng),形象,準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)內(nèi)容。所以要想寫出漂亮的書面表達(dá),必須從寫好句子開始。
英語(yǔ)基本句型及造句:
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(介詞,名詞短語(yǔ)或從句)
The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.
We get up early every morning.
The meeting lasted 2 hours.
主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞
This kind of wine drinks well and sells well.
The suit wears well.
Glass breaks easily.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)
We all agreed on the terms.
He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.
All these things are to be answered for.
主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
I want your promise.
Have your fixed my watch?
This factory produces 1000 cars a week.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
He paid me a visit yesterday.
He owed me 50 yuan.
He wrote his family a letter yesterday.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) (to do)
I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.
I didn’t mean to hurt you.
He invited me to teach at a well-known university.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) (do)
I often hear her sing the song.
The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.
Don’t forget to have him come.
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
I heard her singing in the next room.
We could feel our heats beating fast.
Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+過去分詞
I must have my watch repaired.
We must get he task finished on time.
Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.