高考英語作文如何得高分(2)
高考英語作文如何得高分
高考英語作文如何得高分
一、銜接自然化
文章的連貫性和緊湊感是高考書面表達(dá)的一個(gè)重要評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。只有很好地運(yùn)用連接詞才能使文章連貫、流暢,才能提升書面表達(dá)的質(zhì)量,拿到高分。有的同學(xué)在作文中使用過多的簡(jiǎn)單句,使文章顯得單調(diào)、急促;有的盡管用了連接詞,但表達(dá)過于單一,滿篇都用so、and、then、but、or等。這非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的,反而使文章顯得呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)盡量使用不同的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,以使文章不僅句型豐富,而且思想表達(dá)清楚,語意連貫。
評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把銜接和連貫作為核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn),有效而恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠B接詞是衡量是否銜接連貫的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)所寫文章的內(nèi)容,按照時(shí)間先后、空間順序、邏輯關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系,弄清所寫內(nèi)容之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,切莫按照要求中的提示順序來組篇,一定要加以適當(dāng)調(diào)整。然后加入構(gòu)成語篇組帶的過渡詞串句成文,從而使所寫的文章前后連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,語義貫通,過渡自然,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,層次清晰,邏輯分明,不留痕跡,自然成文。現(xiàn)將中學(xué)階段應(yīng)掌握的過渡語以及高考書面表達(dá)范文中出現(xiàn)的例句總結(jié)如下:
(一)表起始的過渡語有first of all, to begin with, in my / our opinion, according to , so far, as far as.
(1)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
(二)表時(shí)間的過渡語有at first, then , later, meanwhile , in the end, finally, after that , since then for the first time, at last , as soon as, the next moment , in the past, at present, in the future等。
(2)After that I went to No. 8 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer .
(3)Firstly, the technology of … secondly, people’s income has…Thirdly, mobile phones are …
(三)表空間的過渡語有on the right/ left, to the right/ left of, on one side of… on the other side of …, at the foot/ top/ end of, in the middle/ center of等。
(4)On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.
On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library.
(四)表因果的過渡語有for, because of, thanks to, one reason is that… another reason is that …, thus, so, therefore, as a result(of…)等。
(5) So come on, stand here.
(五)表轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡語有but, yet , however, on the contrary, except for, in spite of, otherwise, after all, in fact等。
(6)But we didn’t know them.
(7)They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
(六)表列舉的過渡語有for example/ instance, take…as an example, such as, that is , like, as follows, in other words, and so on等。
(8)I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons.
(七)表推進(jìn)的過渡語有what’s more, further more, on one hand,…one the other hand…, in addition, as well, still, also, not only… but also…,besides, even, moreover,for one thing, for another thing等。
(9)What’s more, I can go to bed earlier.
(10)I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
二、布局精細(xì)化
所謂謀篇布局就是根據(jù)題目要求,在全面理解所要求內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上勾畫全篇寫作輪廓,分清楚文章應(yīng)該寫幾個(gè)方面,或幾個(gè)段落。在高考書面表達(dá)中,尤其是規(guī)定情景作文、圖表作文、說明文、描寫記敘文和實(shí)用文體作文等類型,精細(xì)化的謀篇布局顯得尤為重要。有心人才能真正做到結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),令人耳目一新。精細(xì)化要求我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)要注重部分內(nèi)容與主題思想的一致性,也就是說,不管一篇文章從多少個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述和解釋,都必須緊緊圍繞主題進(jìn)行,每一部分都是依據(jù)文章的主題和中心思想展開的,而且在內(nèi)容和寫法上是相互照應(yīng)和互為補(bǔ)充的。其目的只有一個(gè),就是全面、完整、準(zhǔn)確、透徹地闡明文章的中心思想。以2001年考研作文例文為例:
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest. 開門見山,點(diǎn)出主題。隨后幾段中都設(shè)有主題句。
As is shown in the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places."
You have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
最后進(jìn)一步深化主題so to come to a conclusion, we need offer our help to those in need.從而使整篇文章段落劃分得當(dāng),行文連貫,層層遞進(jìn),結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,深然一體,顯示作者匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)。
另外要提醒大家注意的是,文章的內(nèi)容一定要完整、相關(guān)。首先,內(nèi)容要完整,比如2006年高考英語陜西卷的題目,要求寫暑假的安排。這是一篇正反觀點(diǎn)類的議論文,必須注意題目的要求:第一要提出討論話題:“The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.”(這是一個(gè)經(jīng)典的開篇句型模板);第二要寫出正反兩方不同的觀點(diǎn),并表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。這兩方面的要求如果有缺失,就會(huì)被扣掉相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)。再比如2005年高考英語廣東卷的成語寓言故事,要做到內(nèi)容完整,不僅需要描寫整個(gè)守株待兔的過程,還要點(diǎn)明故事的寓意。總之,大家只要稍加注意,都能做到內(nèi)容的完整。其次,內(nèi)容要相關(guān)。這就要求考生不隨意添加要點(diǎn),不過分發(fā)揮,使文章出現(xiàn)多余的信息,否則也會(huì)被扣分。同樣,這點(diǎn)也是考試時(shí)大家稍加注意就能避免的。
總之,高考英語寫作,只要有意識(shí)地科學(xué)訓(xùn)練是可以快速有效提高的。寫好書面表達(dá)非一日之功,需平日知識(shí)多加積累和勤加練習(xí),同時(shí)在做書面表達(dá),寫筆成文之際,對(duì)以上五個(gè)方面詳加揣摸,細(xì)心體會(huì),終有一日,寫出的文章像風(fēng)行水上來得自然亮麗。
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