英語(yǔ)演講稿的寫(xiě)作方法介紹
英語(yǔ)演講稿怎么寫(xiě)
由于公共演講一般受眾為數(shù)十人甚至數(shù)百、數(shù)千人,再加上演講環(huán)境的不確定性(比如:觀眾的歡呼,或者抱怨),最好在進(jìn)入主題后馬上給出所講內(nèi)容的邏輯框架,以便聽(tīng)眾更好的預(yù)判整個(gè)演講內(nèi)容,有利于他們更好地跟隨演講者的思路,達(dá)到良好的演講效果。比如,喬布斯在該次演講中,開(kāi)篇稍微寒暄開(kāi)篇之后,就進(jìn)入正題,“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.”學(xué)生們馬上能做出邏輯預(yù)判,我們今天會(huì)聽(tīng)到喬布斯談三點(diǎn),然后具體關(guān)注是哪三點(diǎn),這種演講就具備了“audience-centeredness”(以觀眾為中心)的特質(zhì)。喬布斯在隨后的演講中明確提到,“The first story is about connecting the dots. My second story is about love and loss. My third story is about death.”由于這種明晰的思路,聽(tīng)眾在聽(tīng)完之后也會(huì)記憶猶新,不會(huì)覺(jué)得頭腦混亂,毫無(wú)所得。當(dāng)然,演講稿的邏輯安排有多種方式,喬布斯的這篇演講是按照topical order(話題順序)和chronological order(時(shí)間順序)來(lái)安排的。除此之外, 還有 spatial order(空間順序), problem-solutution order(提問(wèn)解決順序)等等。大家可以根據(jù)不同的演講內(nèi)容來(lái)安排自己演講稿的邏輯順序和結(jié)構(gòu)。
如何寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)演講稿
結(jié)尾往往可以起到“畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用,開(kāi)篇正文再好,如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡,整個(gè)演講的精彩程度都會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到“結(jié)尾有道”呢?首先,我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿,他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩,采用的是“end with a quotation”,達(dá)到的效果是特別引人深思。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道,“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不僅在結(jié)尾引用這句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴,虛懷若谷),而且重復(fù)三遍,強(qiáng)化聽(tīng)眾的印象,這句話也被廣泛傳播,被譽(yù)為該篇演講的“精髓”。
英語(yǔ)演講稿寫(xiě)作方法
演講稿的開(kāi)篇和結(jié)尾往往需要花費(fèi)大量的功夫去設(shè)計(jì),這往往是精彩演講的亮點(diǎn)所在。因此,在寫(xiě)作時(shí),需要結(jié)合受眾、場(chǎng)合和演講內(nèi)容等,爭(zhēng)取一開(kāi)始就緊緊抓住聽(tīng)眾的注意力和興趣所在,結(jié)尾時(shí),盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。下面,我將給大家具體分析基本的開(kāi)篇和結(jié)尾模式,供大家以后寫(xiě)作參考。
開(kāi)篇的目的是要吸引聽(tīng)眾,喬布斯在該篇演講稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience"(關(guān)聯(lián)話題與聽(tīng)眾)的方式,這是一種比較有效的方法,人們一般對(duì)自己的事情都很關(guān)注,和自己相關(guān)的事情也會(huì)格外留意,喬布斯在開(kāi)篇說(shuō)到,“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度贊美斯坦福大學(xué)是最好的大學(xué)之一,就是在與聽(tīng)眾發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián),讓大家產(chǎn)生好感,當(dāng)然老喬還用了適當(dāng)?shù)挠哪?,更好地融洽了與聽(tīng)眾的關(guān)系,“簡(jiǎn)潔、有效”本就是喬布斯的演講風(fēng)格。除此之外,還有其他的一些開(kāi)篇方式,我們也需要了解和掌握。 1. State the importance of your topic(指出演講話題的重要性)。直接告訴聽(tīng)眾,你的演講重要在哪里。比如:今天要做的是一場(chǎng)“英語(yǔ)演講的藝術(shù)”的演講,那開(kāi)始就直接指出,該演講對(duì)于大家今后的學(xué)習(xí)工作將會(huì)有重大的幫助,甚至給出一些數(shù)據(jù)和實(shí)例,讓聽(tīng)眾明白不聽(tīng)這個(gè)演講將會(huì)是我的損失。這樣,聽(tīng)眾就會(huì)很樂(lè)意投入到該次演講中去。2. Startle the audience (使聽(tīng)眾震驚)。例如:要做一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“生活方式與疾病”的演講,開(kāi)篇就可以給出一組極具沖擊力的數(shù)據(jù),讓聽(tīng)眾看到生活方式的不健康將會(huì)是多么可怕的事情,這樣的震驚使聽(tīng)眾能夠快速調(diào)整狀態(tài),投入到聽(tīng)演講中去。3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起聽(tīng)眾的好奇心)4. Question the audience(向觀眾提問(wèn))。5. Begin with a quotation(以引用開(kāi)篇)。6. Tell a story (以故事開(kāi)篇)。這些基本開(kāi)篇的方式被無(wú)數(shù)的演講證明是實(shí)用而且有效的。
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