托福寫作中巧用分詞的3種方法
建議托福寫作目標(biāo)沖7的考生,重點掌握分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替定語從句的用法。要寫出變化的句式,需在熟練掌握各種句型的同時,做到活學(xué)活用融匯貫通,并非易事。希望大家平時認(rèn)真打好好語法和詞匯的基本功,多開口勤動筆,在實踐中學(xué)習(xí)。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼耐懈懽髦星捎梅衷~的3種方法,希望能幫到大家!
托福寫作中巧用分詞的3種方法
托福寫作怎么慎用巧用分詞一:
用分詞替換定語從句時,分詞的邏輯主語就是定語從句前的先行詞。
如現(xiàn)在分詞:We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分詞connecting的邏輯主語是the bridge,和后一句中定語從句先行詞the bridge, 兩者一致。
試比較:The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定語從句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)替換,即絕不能改成:The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因為分詞meeting的邏輯主語并不是定語從句先行詞the man,而是Tim,所以這是完全錯誤的說法。
又如過去分詞:The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase. 絕不可改成:The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分詞being asked的邏輯主語是club members,并不是定語從句先行詞the issue。
托福寫作怎么慎用巧用分詞二:表因果
表因果,即當(dāng)分詞所指行為或事件引發(fā)了主句所指的事件或行為,可以替換定語從句。
比較:A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改為The snow falling overnight...)只表先后,不表因果
B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分詞The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后,表因果。
托福寫作怎么慎用巧用分詞三:用分詞時,不表動作先后,表伴隨狀態(tài)
用分詞時,不表動作先后,表伴隨狀態(tài)。如: The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬間性行為動詞fell over 和broke 有先后。 比較:I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表狀態(tài)伴隨的動詞cover,替換成分詞....sheets covering the furniture.
托福寫作怎么慎用巧用分詞四:情態(tài)動詞做謂語的定語從句,不可用分詞替換
情態(tài)動詞做謂語的定語從句,不可用分詞替換。如:There are a number of people who should be asked.
托福寫作主題詞匯總
1、環(huán)境類
white pollute 白色污染
sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展
ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
environmental pollution 環(huán)境污染
over-fishing (overgrazing) 過度捕撈(過度放牧)
sandstorm 沙塵暴
resource exhaustion 資源枯竭
water and soil conservation 水土保持
soilerosion 土壤流失
clear-cutting (deforestation) 濫砍濫伐
desertification 沙漠化
conserve natural resources 保護(hù)自然資源
shortage of freshwater 淡水短缺
disruption of ecological balance 生態(tài)失衡
natural preservation zone 自然保護(hù)區(qū)
2、教育話題類
the craze for graduate school 考研熱
surf the internet 網(wǎng)上沖浪
cyberspace 網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間
inter-disciplinary talent 復(fù)合型人才
assignment of graduates 畢業(yè)生分配
netfriend 網(wǎng)友
examination-oriented education 應(yīng)試教育
teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教
quality-oriented education 素質(zhì)教育
compulsory education 義務(wù)教育
internet bar 網(wǎng)吧
adult (continuing) education 成人教育
distance education 遠(yuǎn)程教育
campus culture 校園文化
two-way selection 雙向選擇
work-study program 勤工儉學(xué)
double degree 雙學(xué)位
non-resident student 走讀生
resident student 寄宿生
extra curricular activities 課外活動
self-taught examination 自學(xué)考試
become well-educated through self-study 自學(xué)成才
to reduce study load 學(xué)生減負(fù)
web-addiction 沉湎于上網(wǎng)
3、社會熱點類
Project Hope 希望工程
information revolution 信息革命
jerry-built projects 豆腐渣工程
population explosion 人口爆炸
epidemic disease 傳染病
drop out students 失學(xué)兒童
laid-off worker 下崗工人
reemployment project 再就業(yè)工程
clone technology 克隆技術(shù)
migrate laborer 民工
crack down on counterfeit goods/fake products 打假
devalue 貶值
expand domestic demand 擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需
state-owned enterprise 國有企業(yè)
deflation 通貨緊縮
inflation 通貨膨脹
rechargeable card 沖值卡
Smooth Traffic Project 暢通工程
anti-fake label 防偽標(biāo)志
poverty alleviation 扶貧
infrastructure construction 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
vicious circle 惡性循環(huán)
gender discrimination 性別歧視
psychological quality 心理素質(zhì)
pattern of consumption 消費結(jié)構(gòu)
consumers' association 消費者協(xié)會
green food 綠色食品
money worship 拜金主意
Olympic committee 奧委會
host city 舉辦城市
bid for Olympic 申辦奧運(yùn)會
4、經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類
regional protectionism 地方保護(hù)主義
tax evasion 偷稅漏稅
purchasing power 購買力
cyber economy 網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)
personal income tax 個人所得稅
risk investment 風(fēng)險投資
after sale service 售后服務(wù)
stock exchange 股票交易
booming/thriving/prosperity 繁榮
decline/recession/depression 萎縮/衰退/蕭條
5、科技發(fā)展類
broadband networks 寬帶網(wǎng)
multimedia 多媒體
hacker 黑客
e-business 電子商務(wù)
pirated software 盜版軟件
pseudo-science/superstition 迷信
computer virus 電腦病毒
on-line shopping 網(wǎng)上購物
get/surfon-line 上網(wǎng)
test-tube baby 試管嬰兒
Orbital Station 空間站