托福綜合寫(xiě)作考試高分必備
很多初次接觸托?？荚嚨膶W(xué)生總是非常擔(dān)心寫(xiě)作的綜合寫(xiě)作部分，也就是我們說(shuō)的小作文。他們常提出這樣的疑問(wèn)：“怎么考得這么變態(tài)啊?讀了又聽(tīng)再寫(xiě)!”其實(shí)大家完全不必為此如此焦慮，等看完下面的文章，讀完下面的四大必殺技，我相信你一定會(huì)豁然開(kāi)朗!
首先，summarize，也就是概括閱讀和聽(tīng)力文章的主要內(nèi)容和各三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)。這其實(shí)就是 Introduction要寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容，掌握了概括，第一段就不成問(wèn)題咯!
其次，Paraphrase，也就是改寫(xiě)。掌握好了改寫(xiě)句子，你寫(xiě)起文章來(lái)將會(huì)感覺(jué)到如魚(yú)得水，游刃有余。 改寫(xiě)其實(shí)主要有下面的兩種方法：
第一，使用不同的詞匯
a.使用同義詞，比如以下的一些寫(xiě)作高頻詞匯的同義詞，你一定要掌握，出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days
b.改變?cè)~性，這是一種稍微難一些的方法，要求你的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)非常好，你才能靈活自如的運(yùn)用。
n. → v.
Eg：When we look at a comparison between Aand B…
When we compare A and B…
Adj. → n.
There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當(dāng)中的使用相當(dāng)頻繁，不僅是段落和段落的連接，還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫(xiě)將會(huì)有極大的作用。
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d.形容詞的逆向表達(dá)。在某些形容詞上進(jìn)行修改，會(huì)達(dá)到非比尋常的效果。
Eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…
Not uncommon→common
Thecheapest → the least expensive
第二，使用不同的句型
a. 改變?cè)~序。這是非常簡(jiǎn)單的一種方法，完全不用動(dòng)腦筋就可以進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。常常將句子中的狀語(yǔ)(包括狀語(yǔ)從句)換位置。
Eg: For manyyears, people have believed ….
→People believed… for many years.
After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.
b. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的互相替換Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
→This research was performed by trained scientists.
c. 使用“there be” 句型，可以將一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，馬上變成一個(gè)加入定語(yǔ)從句或者分詞的復(fù)雜句。Eg: Severalcomputer programs can be used to solve this problem.
→There areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There areseveral computer programs used to solve this problem.
d.定語(yǔ)從句，分詞和插入語(yǔ)的互相替換
Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in theworld, has…
→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
接下來(lái)，Cite，即引用。綜合寫(xiě)作乃客觀寫(xiě)作，只是一個(gè)旁觀者的角度對(duì)這兩篇文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此，某觀點(diǎn)是出自哪篇文章一定要說(shuō)清楚。所以，下面的這些句型在綜合寫(xiě)作中必不可缺。
a.According to+noun.
Eg: According to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…
b.Subject+verbs of reporting+that clause
Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…
或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...
最后，Synthesize，也就是連接。具體來(lái)講，就是承接詞的使用是相當(dāng)重要的，將文章當(dāng)中的重要信息連接起來(lái)，體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)于兩篇文章的理解正確，說(shuō)明作者的思路清楚。由于綜合寫(xiě)作是對(duì)兩篇文章的比較，所以下面表對(duì)比和遞進(jìn)的承接詞使用的最頻繁。
a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary
b.Transitional words showingaddition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well
現(xiàn)在，是不是感覺(jué)清晰很多了呢?也沒(méi)有那么懼怕綜合寫(xiě)作了呢?我相信，只要你掌握了上述四大技巧，綜合寫(xiě)作對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)將不再是個(gè)難以跨越的關(guān)口。
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