高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
在高考中，我們要避免在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中一些常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，務(wù)求做到盡善盡美。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤，供大家參閱!
高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析：句型混亂
句型混亂是高考英語(yǔ)作文中最常見(jiàn)的一種錯(cuò)誤，也是很多考生在英語(yǔ)作文中拿不到高分的一個(gè)重要原因。一方面可能是因?yàn)榭忌Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)不夠牢固，另一方面則是在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中過(guò)于依賴“記憶”而缺乏分析。本文將總結(jié)高考英語(yǔ)作文中出錯(cuò)頻率最高的幾類句型供學(xué)習(xí)者作為素材積累：有則改之，無(wú)則加勉。
實(shí)例一：他不可能被錄取
誤：It is impossible of him to be admitted.
正：it is impossible for him to be admitted.
析：這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤反映的是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的句法混淆，即：“it is + adj.+of + sb. to do sth.”與“it is + adj.+ for+ sb. to do sth.”之間的區(qū)別。如果句中的形容詞與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系，就用of表明其本身所具有的特點(diǎn)。例如：It is very kind of you to do so. 你這么做真是很友善。(這里的內(nèi)在邏輯就是：You are verykind.);如果句中的形容詞與主語(yǔ)不構(gòu)成任何邏輯關(guān)系，而是后面to do所表示的真正主語(yǔ)與形容詞構(gòu)成了邏輯關(guān)系則用for。
實(shí)例二：她去香港了。
誤：She has been to Hong Kong.
正：She has gone to Hong Kong.
析：has been to表示某人去過(guò)什么地方，而現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方;has gone to表示某人去了什么地方，現(xiàn)在不在(說(shuō)話人)這里。
實(shí)例三：這是我有生以來(lái)第一次跟媽媽吵架。
誤：This is the first time I argued with my mother.
正：This is the first time I have argued with my mother.
析：This is/was the first time后面的從句應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如果以現(xiàn)在為時(shí)間基準(zhǔn)，則是this is thefirst+ sb have (has) done;如果是描述過(guò)去的某個(gè)動(dòng)作則以過(guò)去的那個(gè)時(shí)間為基準(zhǔn)，于是就是this wasthe first time + sb. had done?？忌诖嘶煜囊粋€(gè)句型可能是“it's time that sb. did”，這是一個(gè)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的that從句，表示“到了該做什么的時(shí)間了”，例如：It's time we made a change. 到了我們?cè)撟鳇c(diǎn)變化的時(shí)候了。
實(shí)例四：直到今天早上十點(diǎn)我才聯(lián)系上她。
誤：It was not until 10 o'clock this morning when I got through to her.
正：It was not until 10 o'clock this morning that I got through to her.
析：這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的混用。“it + be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(或者who)+句子其他成分 ”是我們常說(shuō)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分一般都是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者狀語(yǔ)。而“It + be+一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間+when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”是高考英語(yǔ)中另一個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型，意思是“后面動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候是幾點(diǎn)”。例如：It was 5 o'clockyesterday afternoon when I met her. 我見(jiàn)到她的時(shí)候是昨天下午五點(diǎn)。
實(shí)例五：過(guò)了這條大街你就能找到超市的入口。
誤：Get across the street, you will find the entrance to the supermarket.
正：Get across the street, and you will find he entrance to the supermarket.
析：錯(cuò)誤的句子中前后兩個(gè)部分沒(méi)有構(gòu)成任何關(guān)系，處在完全斷層的狀態(tài)。所以可以在后半句前面加上并列連詞構(gòu)成并列句，或者也可以寫(xiě)成：After you get across the street, you will find the entrance to thesupermarket. 這樣就是一個(gè)帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。總之，兩個(gè)句號(hào)之間的任何兩個(gè)句子都必須構(gòu)成一定的關(guān)系，需要有相應(yīng)的連詞。
結(jié)語(yǔ)：
很多句型之間都存在一定形式上的相似性，要想在高考英語(yǔ)作文中熟練地使用這些句型，考生必須在平時(shí)練習(xí)的過(guò)程中多加分析，準(zhǔn)確把握每個(gè)句型內(nèi)在的構(gòu)成規(guī)律。
高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
(一)名詞
寫(xiě)作中，學(xué)生們常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉，因?yàn)閍dvice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語(yǔ)概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語(yǔ)中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時(shí)在其前加a piece of，類似的詞有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks.
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如My family is a happy one; 如強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為，則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為，應(yīng)把is改為are。類似的詞有：team, class, audience等。
5.I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中學(xué)階段以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es，它們是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。
6.This has nothing to do with their believes.(這和他們的信仰沒(méi)關(guān)系。)
以f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs.
(二)冠詞
7.The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。
useful的第一個(gè)音是輔音所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)n改為a。類似的，我們說(shuō)a European country.
8.Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨(dú)放在句中，應(yīng)在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，變?yōu)锳 plane。
9.He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a(bǔ) 改為the ，因?yàn)闃?lè)器前用定冠詞。
10.The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the，因?yàn)楸硎灸甏胕n加the再加幾十的復(fù)數(shù)，如在八十年代in the 80s。
11.Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.
去掉the，因?yàn)楸硎窘煌ǚ绞接胋y直接加交通工具。
(三)代詞
使用代詞時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)把his改為their。
13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們?nèi)サ艉?，疑?wèn)詞在句中做主語(yǔ)用主格，做賓語(yǔ)用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。
14.The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把I 改為me。
15.These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該加名詞books，或把her 改為hers。
(四)數(shù)詞
16.There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)后不加s，前面沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí)在其后加s 和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students(兩百個(gè)學(xué)生)，hundreds of students(成百上千個(gè)學(xué)生)。例句中應(yīng)把hundreds 改為hundred。
17.Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍數(shù)關(guān)系的as---as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。因此把larger改為large.
18.Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
幾個(gè)單詞由連字符連接而組成的復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word.
19.Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)分母后要加s，所以就把third 改為thirds.
(五)形容詞和副詞
形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)。
20.The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。所以把nervously改為nervous.
21.The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一個(gè)副詞來(lái)修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為“幾乎不”，hard 也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把 hardly 改為hard.
22.This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
More只構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。
23.He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
兩者相比較時(shí)，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more.
24.He works less harder than he used to.
表不如… 時(shí)用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，因此把harder改為hard.
25.The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞或短語(yǔ)有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改為rather.
26.This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應(yīng)改為as interesting a story as the one.
27.The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應(yīng)改為T(mén)he weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
29.I would rather take a train than went by bus.
這個(gè)詞組為would rather do … than do …，因此把went改為go.
30.Is there interesting anything at the meeting?
修飾anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。
31.I never have seen such a person before.
像never之類的副詞在句中應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因?yàn)閼?yīng)改為I have never seen such a person before.
32.The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing 意為值得被做。因此改為T(mén)he book is worth reading.
33.It is sure that he will succeed.
sure 的主語(yǔ)只能為人，而certain的主語(yǔ)可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain.
34.He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 為表語(yǔ)形容詞，偶爾也做后置定語(yǔ)。因此把a(bǔ)live改為living，或把a(bǔ)live 放在writers后面。
35.I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet 用于否定和疑問(wèn)句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改為already.
36.He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly 不與否定詞用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改為almost.
高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作錯(cuò)誤分析
(六)介詞
37.He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等;如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應(yīng)除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in.
38.Please wait me at the school gate.
wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)。
39.He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with連用，應(yīng)把with改為to。
40.I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在…的幫助下”用with而不用under。
(七)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
41.He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時(shí)用can, can表判斷時(shí)只用在否定句中。因此把can 改為must。
42.He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問(wèn)和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則可以。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43.He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來(lái)表示過(guò)去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so.
44.I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。
45.You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.
(八)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)的常用時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。
46.I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件、方式和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。
47.The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
48.The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此處look并非伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此把looking 改為looked。
49.I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。
50.I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.
我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven’t改為hadn’t
(九)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
及物動(dòng)詞用在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要有賓語(yǔ)，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);不及物動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能接賓語(yǔ)，因此無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
51.The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以把 been去掉。
52.The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此在built 前加being。
53.He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞。“給…做手術(shù)”應(yīng)為operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。
54.I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，應(yīng)在sent 后加上for。
55.The book written by him is sold well.
說(shuō)一本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)是指書(shū)本身的屬性，因此不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句應(yīng)改為：The book written by him sells well.
56.This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下幾種說(shuō)法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句應(yīng)該為：This history book is worthy to be read.
(十)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
57.We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)，問(wèn)題應(yīng)該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。
58.The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“給…穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾girl, girl應(yīng)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，因此把herself去掉。
59.Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句應(yīng)為“因?yàn)樗×?，他的同學(xué)才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill.
60.Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應(yīng)把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應(yīng)改為：Not having seen her for many years.
61.Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句中地球應(yīng)該被看，所以把Seeing 改為Seen。
62.English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作狀語(yǔ)修飾easy, English應(yīng)該是learn的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，所以把it去掉。
63.I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
64.She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應(yīng)改為：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
65.It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時(shí)比較的雙方應(yīng)為同種結(jié)構(gòu)，或都是名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
66.It’s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是沒(méi)用的要說(shuō)成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改為sending。
67.She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，因此把to play 改為playing。
68.When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 為停止做這件事，而stop to do 為停下來(lái)正在做的事去做這件事。所以后半句應(yīng)該為：he stopped to listen to the teacher.
(十一)名詞性從句
69.We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.
If 和whether都可以引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果從句做的是介詞賓語(yǔ)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)。所以把if 改為whether。
70.I can not decide if to stay or not.
只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改為whether。
71.My suggestion is we try for a second time.
表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞如為that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。
72.What will the professor say is not known yet.
名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序都是陳述句語(yǔ)序。因此應(yīng)改為：What the professor will say is not known yet.
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