銀行賺錢法則

　　銀行是如何賺錢的呢?接下來小編為大家整理了銀行賺錢法則，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!

　　1. The laws of supply and demand do not apply. When food producers compete to supplya supermarket, the retailer has the luxury of selecting the lowest bidder. But when it comes toinvestment banking, wages are very high even though the number of applicants is vastlygreater than the number of posts. If the same was true of, say, hospital cleaning, wages wouldbe slashed.

　　1、供給與需求法則行不通。食品市場(chǎng)中，當(dāng)食品生產(chǎn)者為了給超市供應(yīng)貨源而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，零售商們就處于買方市場(chǎng)(能選擇最低出價(jià)者)。但在投資銀行市場(chǎng)中，哪怕應(yīng)聘者遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于招聘人，他們的工資還是高的離譜。如果同樣的情況在其他行業(yè)發(fā)生，比如醫(yī)院招聘清潔工，那么應(yīng)聘者的工資就會(huì)被大大削減。

　　An investment bank, like a supermarket, demands a certain quality standard: it will nothire just anybody. But whereas it may be easy to identify a rotten banana, it is harder to besure which trainee will be the next Nick Leeson and which the potential George Soros. Thatgives executives an excuse when things go wrong.

　　一個(gè)投行就如同一個(gè)超市，需要一定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。它不會(huì)隨隨便便聘用人。認(rèn)出一個(gè)害群之馬也許很簡(jiǎn)單，但要確認(rèn)哪一個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)生會(huì)鑄成大錯(cuò)成為下一個(gè)尼克 李森，又有哪一個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)生會(huì)成為下一個(gè)喬治 索羅斯無疑是很困難的。(這兩個(gè)人不認(rèn)識(shí)的自己百度一下)這也給了投行高管們以犯錯(cuò)誤的借口。

　　2. Success is down to my genius; failure is caused by someone else. When banks do well,and profits soar, the bosses are responsible for it all with their strategic cunning andinspiring leadership. Huge bonuses are therefore due.

　　2、成也在我，敗也在他。(不通順)銀行業(yè)搞得風(fēng)生水起、利潤(rùn)激增的時(shí)候，老板們的戰(zhàn)略決策能力和鼓舞人心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力就成了大功臣。他們也因此拿了很多獎(jiǎng)金。

　　But, like Macavity the mystery cat, executives were never at the scene of the crime. Theydid not attend the crucial meeting, read the vital memo or open the incriminating e-mail.Together with this surprising inattentiveness, executives have a remarkably faulty memorywhich means that conversations are rarely recalled in any detail. It is a wonder, indeed, giventheir technical shortcomings and early-onset Alzheimer’s, that they make it to the top of theirorganisations at all.

　　但是和隱藏的魔爪——麥卡維提一樣(詳見音樂劇《貓》)，終極Boss們永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。他們不參加重要會(huì)議，閱讀重要的備忘錄，或者打開可能會(huì)牽連自己的郵件。不僅這種不專心(對(duì)企業(yè)不上心)令人震驚，高管們的記性也出奇的爛，他們往往都記不住談話的細(xì)節(jié)。在這種技術(shù)Bug和提早老年癡呆的情況下，他們能成為高管簡(jiǎn)直是奇跡。

　　But executives do tend to remember one vital fact. When scandal breaks, the blameshould lie with a few rogue employees who have ignored the corporate culture. Managerscannot possibly be expected to keep track of the actions of junior staff. And that leads to thenext rule.

　　但是高管們對(duì)一個(gè)重要的事實(shí)還是記得住的。當(dāng)丑聞曝光之時(shí)，被罵的永遠(yuǎn)是那些忽視了企業(yè)文化的“流氓”員工。經(jīng)理們不可能時(shí)時(shí)刻刻盯著基層員工，這個(gè)也是下一個(gè)黃金法則的鋪墊。

　　3. What is lucky for an individual trader may be unlucky for the bank as a whole. There is asurvivorship bias in both fund management and trading. If your career starts with some badlosses, it will quickly come to an end. So, by definition, veteran traders will have had initialsuccess. But that could be down to luck, not skill.

　　3、個(gè)體獲利，集體遭殃。在投資管理和證券交易市場(chǎng)中都存在一個(gè)生存法則：如果你的事業(yè)以損失為開端，它很快就會(huì)終結(jié)。所以，由此可見，那些在交易戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上經(jīng)受過戰(zhàn)火洗禮的老兵們，最開始肯定都取得了成功。但是這個(gè)成功很可能是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣，而不是實(shí)力決定的。

　　Successful fund managers attract more clients and thus manage more money. This will keephappening until they have a bad year, when clients will desert them. Their worst result will thusoccur when they have the most money to look after. They may end up losing more client moneyin cash terms than they ever made.

　　成功的基金經(jīng)理能夠吸引更多的客戶因此就能控制更多的錢。這種情況直到經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退、客戶拋棄他們之前都會(huì)一直持續(xù)。最壞的結(jié)果總是在他們斂到最多錢財(cái)?shù)臅r(shí)候發(fā)生，最終以虧得血本無歸告終。

　　Similarly, successful traders will be given more responsibility, first heading theirdepartments and then leading the bank itself. They will gain a reputation as the kind of personwho can handle risk, and they will believe their own publicity. The likes of Dick Fuld ofLehman Brothers and Jon Corzine at MF Global seemed to regard caution as a quality forwimps.

　　相似地，成功的證券交易人也肩負(fù)著更大的責(zé)任，有責(zé)任先富部門再富銀行。他們會(huì)因此獲得“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)專家”的美稱，也會(huì)因此對(duì)自己越發(fā)“自信”。例如雷曼兄弟的迪克 福爾德和全球曼氏金融的科爾辛，他們都將“入市有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，投資須謹(jǐn)慎”視若耳旁風(fēng)。

　　This is a variant of the Peter principle, which holds that managers get promoted to theirlevel of incompetence. The trader-cum-executive will make the biggest mistake when he is incharge of the whole bank. By this stage, he will be personally rich and will remain so even if theentire bank fails, not least because:

　　經(jīng)理們往往都會(huì)被提拔到他們無法勝任的位置，這是彼得原理的又一個(gè)變形體。如果一個(gè)證券交易人同時(shí)又作為高層管理者掌管整個(gè)銀行，那么悲劇就發(fā)生了。到了這個(gè)階段他自己會(huì)很富有，而且如果銀行垮了，他會(huì)一直富有下去，原因尤其在于：

　　4. Resigning can be a retirement plan. When ordinary folk resign, they are lucky to getpaid to the end of the month. But when bankers leave in awkward circumstances, they makeout like a lottery winner (Bob Diamond, formerly of Barclays, has done worse on this scorethan others). The bank may want to avoid a lawsuit, with all its unfavourable publicity. Themore trouble the bank is in, the less publicity it will want and the better the negotiatingposition of the executive. This may not be the ideal incentive structure.

　　4、辭職也許就是為了養(yǎng)老。平民們辭職之后，月底能夠拿到養(yǎng)老金就很不錯(cuò)了。但是當(dāng)銀行家們拍拍手拋下一堆爛攤子時(shí)，他們卻贏得盆滿缽滿。(先前就職于巴克萊銀行的鮑勃 戴蒙德是個(gè)例外，這貨齪爆了。)這時(shí)候的銀行也許是想避免官司和一切對(duì)其不利的言論。銀行越深陷泥沼，越想在公眾的視線中遁走，高官們?cè)较霠?zhēng)取有利的談判地位。而這個(gè)似乎并不應(yīng)該作為理想的激勵(lì)機(jī)制。

　　Moreover, if the bank is big enough, the government will not be willing to let it fail. Takethe Royal Bank of Scotland. Had it gone bankrupt, then the pension scheme might have falleninto the hands of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF), a collective-insurance plan. That wouldhave been bad news for Fred Goodwin, the then chief executive, since individual pensionpayouts are capped under PPF rules. The limit at the time was ￡24,000 (,500) rather thanthe ￡703,000 he originally claimed.

　　而且如果銀行規(guī)模夠大，政府更不樂意讓它就這么垮了。比如蘇格蘭皇家銀行。其一旦破產(chǎn)，退休金計(jì)劃將會(huì)被養(yǎng)老金保障基金收入囊中，這是一個(gè)集體保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃。這對(duì)行政長(zhǎng)官弗雷德 古德溫來說應(yīng)該是個(gè)壞消息。因?yàn)閭€(gè)人退休金的發(fā)放由養(yǎng)老金保障基金掌控，而當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)際發(fā)放量是兩萬四千英鎊(約合四萬四千五百美元)而不是他起初宣布的七十萬零三千英鎊。

　　Bankers get such generous payoffs because it is in their contracts and airtight contractsare needed to attract the best people. But is this right? The BBC just appointed a director-general on a salary that is one-third less than that of the previous incumbent. Even so, therewas no shortage of qualified applicants for the post. Back to the first rule: in banking, the lawsof supply and demand do not apply.

　　銀行家們都能夠拿到可觀的薪水，這是勞務(wù)合同上面注明了的。要想吸引最好的人才，這種完美誘人的合同是必須的。但這是對(duì)的嗎?BBC剛剛指出一個(gè)總干事現(xiàn)在拿的工資比先前少了三分之一。即使如此，合格的崗位申請(qǐng)卻一直都不見減少。讓我們回顧一下第一個(gè)黃金法則：在銀行業(yè)，需求與供給法則從來都行不通。