初中英文句子成分劃分
英語(yǔ)句子是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)句子,強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào),通過(guò)句子,鞏固詞匯的運(yùn)用,通過(guò)句子,鞏固語(yǔ)法知識(shí),通過(guò)句子,達(dá)到交際和運(yùn)用的目的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的初中英文句子成分劃分,歡迎閱讀!
初中英文句子成分劃分精選
一、句子成分精講
句子成分:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。
主要成分:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)
1、主語(yǔ)
一個(gè)句子中需要加以說(shuō)明或描述的對(duì)象。主語(yǔ)的位置:
The school is far from here. 名詞做主語(yǔ)
She goes to school by bike.
Eight is a lucky number.
The blind need more help. 代詞做主語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ) 名詞化的形容詞做主語(yǔ)
There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語(yǔ)
Predicting the future is interesting.
To be a doctor is my dream.
2、謂語(yǔ)
表示人或事物(主語(yǔ))的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).
英語(yǔ)中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的構(gòu)成。 分析句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表語(yǔ)
用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。
表語(yǔ)的位置
用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。
名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。 Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ) 不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)
1. be動(dòng)詞
2. 與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等
上述兩類詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作表語(yǔ),千萬(wàn)不能用副詞。
4、賓語(yǔ)
是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now.
I want three. 名詞做賓語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做賓語(yǔ)
I like going shopping. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)
We think predicting the future is hard.
5、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)從句
有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之外, 還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果沒(méi)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)), 有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。 充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:
1. 形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
I found her in the room.
3. 副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
Please let him in.
4. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We made him monitor of the class.
5. 動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
I asked him to come.
6、定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語(yǔ)里的……的)
1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)(一般放在被修飾語(yǔ)之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面)
They have a clever son.
I have something important to tell you.
2. 名詞作定語(yǔ):
Is it a color film?
名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:
school bus, ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語(yǔ),如:
men drivers , women doctors
3. 代詞作定語(yǔ):
This song is better than that one.
4. 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ):
There are only thirty students in our class.
帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副詞作定語(yǔ)():
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(放在被修飾詞之后):
The students in our class like swimming.
7、狀語(yǔ)
, .
1. 副詞作狀語(yǔ):
The old man is walking slowly.
The boy is very clever.
2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ): 表方式 表程度
I have lived in Shanghai for five years.
3. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)
I come here to see you.
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 表時(shí)間 表目的
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 狀語(yǔ)從句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
狀語(yǔ)的位置
1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。
We like our school very much.
2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ),可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似
sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序
1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在前, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 較小單位的狀語(yǔ)在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類的副詞作狀語(yǔ), 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞
She sang very well at the meeting last night.
時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.
動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)
一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊,漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞(the Participle Adjective),實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞,除表示“完成”的動(dòng)作之外,還表示“被動(dòng)”的意義。如:
spoken English (英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ));iced beer (冰凍啤酒);cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條);
但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作,而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。如: boiled water(開水); fallen leaves(落葉) ; the risen sun(升起的太陽(yáng))等。
(1)前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面,作前置定語(yǔ)。 激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。(=the people who were excited)
.虛度的時(shí)光,無(wú)法挽回。(=time which is lost)
(2)后置定語(yǔ) ①少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定語(yǔ)。
1. Everything used should be marked.所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。
2. Among the invited were some ladies.被邀請(qǐng)的人中,有些是女士。
3. The books left are for my students.剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。
②動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面,在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示被動(dòng),可改為帶被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(僅限于單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞,且不能后置)則表示完成,可改為帶有完成時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? (=that has been planned for tonight)
2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.這次會(huì)議有很多人出席,開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 我們喝了一些開水后就繼續(xù)工作。 注意:這里的過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是被修飾的詞,改為定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致。
二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成”或“被動(dòng)”之意,而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如: He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后,他顯得很憂慮。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí),被深深地感動(dòng)了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法,他似乎很高興。
常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有:
amused(愉快的); broken(碎了的);closed(關(guān)閉的);astonished(吃驚的);crowded(擁擠的);experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的); delighted(高興的);lost(丟失的);gone(遺失的);disappointed(失望的);worried(擔(dān)憂的);interested(感興趣的) tired(疲勞的) pleased(高興的);satisfied(滿意的); surprised(吃驚的); married(已婚的); known(著名的) 等等
三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。
She found the door broken in when she came back.她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。
少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞用作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成后的狀態(tài).
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.當(dāng)他們醒來(lái)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的客人都走了。
動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法
動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
1. I must get my bike repaired.我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
(1)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。
We thought the game lost.我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。
I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。
They considered the matter settled.他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。
I have my hair cut once a month.我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。
He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。
“have+賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義:
?、?請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired.她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪兒理的發(fā)?
?、谠庥瞿撤N意外情況。He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的錢包被偷了。
③完成某事(自己也可能參與)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了1000元。
(3)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞包括like,want, wish, expect, order等”這一類動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued.學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。
(4)過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,雙手被反綁在后面。
四,過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)或完成,但有些過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表動(dòng)作而表狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神貫注于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩)等。如: Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因?yàn)槌两谒伎贾?所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。
2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句,在句中一般能作五種狀語(yǔ),即時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和方式狀語(yǔ)。如: Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了。
(Caught in a heavy rain相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain)
Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。
(Grown in rich soil相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil)
注意:
?、佼?dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),才可以把從句的主語(yǔ)省略,且省略掉的主語(yǔ)與其邏輯謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或如第一段中所講的表示狀態(tài)。
?、诎褷钫Z(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),即“while (when, once, until, if, though等連詞)+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。
Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.
盡管這些球員被對(duì)方球隊(duì)打敗了,但他們并沒(méi)有灰心。
初中英文句子成分劃分練習(xí)
I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,并與A-D的漢語(yǔ)翻譯相匹配。
impress; pour; speak 1. Once ______, a word becomes a promise.
2. Once ______, water cannot be taken back again.
3. ______ by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time.
A.覆水難收 B.流連忘返 C.一言既出,駟馬難追
II.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. ______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.
2. ______ (give) time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
3. ______ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.
III.將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.由于被媽媽所說(shuō)的話所感動(dòng),我忍不住哭了起來(lái)。
2.如果給我們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),我們將給大家一個(gè)非常好的表演。
3.當(dāng)問(wèn)到他出生在哪里時(shí),約翰說(shuō)他是紐約人。
Key: I. 1. spoken; C 2. poured; A 3. Impressed; B
II. 1. Seen 2. Given 3. Looking III. 1. Moved by what my mother said, I couldn’t help crying.
2. Given a chance, we could give a good performance. 3. When asked where he was born, John said he was a New Yorker
初中英文句子成分劃分
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