高中英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法分析
改革開(kāi)放三十多年以來(lái),英語(yǔ)教育在我國(guó)已經(jīng)廣為普及,整個(gè)社會(huì)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的要求也愈加精益求精。小編精心收集了高中英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法分析，供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
高中英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法分析1
S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十p主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
說(shuō)明：S=主語(yǔ);V=謂語(yǔ);P=表語(yǔ);O=賓語(yǔ);O1=間接賓語(yǔ);O2=直接賓語(yǔ);C=賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
五個(gè)基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：
1.S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他們聽(tīng)得很仔細(xì)。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國(guó)屬于第三世界國(guó)家。
The gas has given out.
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v.)，常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書桌摸起來(lái)很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嘗起來(lái)很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來(lái)香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國(guó)。
注意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來(lái)摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們?cè)谄穱L魚。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于澤成英語(yǔ)。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)，因此有賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?/p>
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
請(qǐng)幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他問(wèn)我個(gè)問(wèn)題。
注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說(shuō)法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫(yī)生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說(shuō)話的權(quán)利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
常見(jiàn)的可接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in.
我見(jiàn)他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我剛才聽(tīng)到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。
高中英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法分析2
八種英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問(wèn)句：①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。
例：① If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
② I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.
?、?She wouldn’t stop crying until her mother came home.
?、?The teacher said that the moon is smaller than the earth.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞;②行為動(dòng)詞
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首;②用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
例：① The boy began to learn English when he was five.
?、?Jack often got up very late during the summer holiday.
?、?Did you visit the Great Wall while you were traveling in BJ?
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
例：Have you moved into your new house?---Not yet. It still being paint.
Look there! Ma Ning is playing basketball alone.
4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。
例：① I was watching TV when my teacher came to my home.
?、?He was drinking with us when the killing happened.
?、?It was 8:00 now, and he was having his breakfast.
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has。
例：① He has already gone to Tianjin.
?、?Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
?、?I've never seen that film
6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。
例：By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
7. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①am/is/are + not+ going to + do; ②在行為動(dòng)詞前加will /shall+ not+do，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
一般疑問(wèn)句：①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
例：The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
8. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
例：They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
高中英語(yǔ)句子語(yǔ)法分析3
英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：
1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：
①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;
?、谒查g動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用;
?、鬯查g動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been;
④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。
例：
① He joined the League two years ago.
?、?He has been in the League for two years.
③ It is two years since he joined the League.
④ Two years has passed since he joined the League.
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：
?、?Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
?、?Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化換
在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽!”請(qǐng)看：
?、?The train is leaving soon.
?、?The train will leave soon.
4. “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換
“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看：
?、?We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
② We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
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