關(guān)于英語語法句子種類
關(guān)于英語語法句子種類
英語教學(xué)在中國大學(xué)教育領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位20多年。在這期間,隨著社會發(fā)展對英語學(xué)習(xí)者的要求不斷提高。小編精心收集了關(guān)于英語語法句子種類,供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
關(guān)于英語語法句子種類1
英語句子按使用目的可分為陳述句、祈使句、感嘆句和疑問句四種。
一、陳述句
陳述句是說明一個事實或陳述一種看法的句子。例如:
Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲速度快。
The film isn’t rather boring. 這部電影不是很乏味。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國成立于1949年。
There used to be a temple here.這兒原來有座廟。
She is working for a foreign company.她正在為一家外國公司工作。
They have all read the book.他們都已讀過了這本書。
二、祈使句
祈使句用以表達(dá)命令,要求,請求,勸告或建議等。常用下列幾種句型。例如:
1、以動詞原形開頭的祈使句。這些句子的主語通常都是第二人稱“you”。
Take this seat. 坐這個位子。
Do be careful. 千萬要小心!
Don't move, please. 請別動。
Don't be nervous! 別緊張!
2、以let開頭的祈使句。Let's 包括說話者,Let us 不包括說話者。例如:
Let's have another try.咱們再試一下。
Let us have another try. 請(你)讓我們再試一下。
Let's not talk of that matter.咱們不談那件事。
Let us not talk of that matter.請讓我們不談那件事。
3、帶主語的祈使句。謂語動詞任然用原型。例如:
God bless me. 上帝保佑我!
You feed the chicks today, Tom. 湯姆,今天你喂雞。(吩咐任務(wù)。)
三、感嘆句
感嘆句是表示說話人贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、憤怒等感情的句子。
1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)感嘆句 通常有感嘆詞what, how引導(dǎo), what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞,其主謂用正裝語序,常用省略形式。其常見句型有。例如:
1) How +形容詞+ a +名詞+陳述語序。例如:
How clever a boy (he is)!他是多么聰明的孩子!
2) How +形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如:
How slowly(the old is walking)!那位老人走的真慢呀!
3) What +名詞+陳述語序。例如:
What noise(the traffic is making)!車輛的噪音真大!
4) What +a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如:
What a clever boy(he is)! 他是多么聰明的孩子!
5) What + 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如:
What wonderful ideas (we have)!他們的想法真奇妙!
6) What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
2、一般感嘆句
在任何一個詞、詞組或句子后加感嘆號,即為感嘆句,如:
Dear!天哪!
What colors and designs!這顏色,這圖案真漂亮!
You was running really fast!你跑得真快!
Didn’t he know it!他難道不知道!
I’ve got so much from your report!從你的報告中我真學(xué)到了很多東西!
四、疑問句
在英語中,提出問題,有以下四種形式的問句:
1、一般疑問句
英語的一般問句要用倒裝語序,即:把情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、系動詞或動詞have(有)提到主語前。例如:
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時完成工作嗎?
Is your brother a public servant?你弟弟是公務(wù)員嗎?
Do you have a car?(Have you a car?) 你有車嗎?
Has she attended the report?她聽報告了嗎?
Did they pass the driving tesr?他們駕照考試通過了嗎?
Do you think it will rain tomorrow?你認(rèn)為明天會下雨嗎?
2、特殊疑問句
有疑問詞引導(dǎo)的問句叫特殊問句,疑問詞作主語或主語的定語時用正裝語序;疑問詞作其他成分時用倒裝語序。例如:
Who is standing there?誰站在那兒?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
What had happened to you before I came here?我來錢你到底怎么哪?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
Which book isn’t yours, boy?孩子那本書不是你的?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
Whose car is parked there?誰的車子停在那兒?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
Who(m) are you waiting for here?你在這兒等誰?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
Where do you live? 你住那兒?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
When were you born?你什么時候出生的?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
Why does he walk to work every day?他為什么每天步行去上班?(疑問詞作主語,語序正裝)
3、選擇疑問句
用or連接并列成分或兩個一般問句來表示選擇。例如:
Shall we have the meeeting in the classroom or in the office? 我們是在教室還是在辦公室開會?
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡?
Is he your father or your uncle?他是你爸爸還是你叔叔?
Did you arrive on Sunday or on Monday?你是星期天還是星期一到的?
Are you going to stay at home or go with us for a walk?你是打算呆在家里還是跟我們出去散步?
Shall I go to get you at the station or will you get back by taxi?是我去車站接你,還是你打的回來?
4、反意疑問句
在一個陳述句的后面再加一個省略一般問句構(gòu)成反義問句,反義問句前后句主語相同,謂語形式相同,但肯定和否定形式相反。例如:
He knows her, doesn’t he? 他認(rèn)識你,對嗎?
He doesn't know her, does he? 他不認(rèn)識她,對不對?
反義問句的特殊情況很多,應(yīng)當(dāng)記住。例如:
1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I。例如:
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?我和你姐姐一樣高,是嗎?
2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。例如:
I wish to have a word with you, may I?我想和你談?wù)?,行?
3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。例如:
The man made no answer, did he / she?那個人沒有回答問題,是嗎?
Some plants never bloom (開花), do they ?有些植物從不開花,是嗎?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑問句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。例如:
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?他應(yīng)該知道該怎么做,是嗎?
5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑問部分常用don't +主語(didn't +主語)。例如:
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?我們必須在明天吧點到達(dá)哪兒,是嗎?
6) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。例如:
He used to live there, didn't he? / usedn't he?他原來住在這兒,是嗎?
7)、陳述部分有must/cannot表示猜測時,疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。例如:
He must be a doctor, isn't he?他肯定是醫(yī)生,是嗎?
You must have studied English here for three years, haven't you? 你一定在這兒學(xué)了三年英語,是嗎?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?你們昨天肯定干完了,是嗎?
He can’t have come yesterday, did he?他昨天不可能來了,是嗎?
8)、陳述部分由neither… nor, either… or 連接的并列主語時,疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。例如:
Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?我們兩個都不是工程師,對嗎?
9)、陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。例如:
Everything is ready, isn't it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了,是嗎?
10)、陳述部分是并列復(fù)合句,疑問部分的謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。例如:
Mr. Smith has been to Beijing for several times, and he is now there on business, isn't he?史密斯先生到北京去過好幾次,并且他現(xiàn)在就在那兒出差,是嗎?
11)、帶有定語從句、賓語從句或狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句,疑問部分要根據(jù)主句而定。例如:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?他不是給我們作報告的那個人,是嗎?
He said he would visit Japan the next year, didn't he?他說他明年要訪問日本,是嗎?
12)、陳述部分主句主語是第一人稱“We/I”,且謂語動詞是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等時,疑問部分與賓語從句相對應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。例如:
I don't think he is right, is he?我認(rèn)為他不對,是嗎?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?我們相信他會做得更好,不是嗎?
13)、陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時也用單數(shù)he。例如:
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)大家都知道答案,是嗎?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)誰也不知道這件事,是嗎?
14) 情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語,而作為行為動詞要加助動詞。例如:
We need not do it again, need we ?(We do not need to do it again, need we ?)這件事我們不必再做了,是嗎?
She daren’t go home alone, does she?(She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?)她不敢一個人回家,是嗎?
15)、 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。Let's 開頭的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句,后用will you? 例如:
Don't do that again, will you?不要再做了,行嗎?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?和我一起去,好嗎?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?咱們?nèi)ヂ犚魳?,好?/p>
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?請您讓我們在閱覽室等您,好嗎?
16) 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。例如:
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?你的手表壞了,是嗎?
There will not be any trouble, will there?不會再有麻煩了,是嗎?
17) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。例如:
It is impossible, isn't it?不可能的,是嗎?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?他很和善,是嗎?
18)、在口語中為了寒暄、不滿、懷疑或證實事實,有時用同向反義問句。例如:
It’s fine, is it? 正是個好天氣,是嗎?
You can’t do it now, can’t you? 你現(xiàn)在不能做,是嗎?