英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析研究
隨著全球化與多元文化的發(fā)展，英語(yǔ)正躋身為一種國(guó)際語(yǔ)言被廣泛使用。小編精心收集了英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)1
一、主語(yǔ)(subject): 句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)
Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主語(yǔ)從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))
二、謂語(yǔ)(predicate):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表語(yǔ)(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)
常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))， look(看起來(lái))， feel(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，
taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺(jué)) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、賓語(yǔ)：
1)動(dòng)作的承受者——動(dòng)賓
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)2
一、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. (名詞)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容詞)
We found nobody in. (副詞)
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語(yǔ))
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (過(guò)去分詞)
二、主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
三、定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
四、狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)3
1、簡(jiǎn)單句
簡(jiǎn)單句，即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。除了特殊情況，英語(yǔ)句子中都有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ))，有時(shí)候還有賓語(yǔ);而且除了倒裝句等特殊句型，一般情況下，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的先后順序是固定的，不可能賓語(yǔ)跑到謂語(yǔ)前面，或者謂語(yǔ)跑到主語(yǔ)前面。目前很多語(yǔ)法書(shū)都把英語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句歸納為五種基本句型。實(shí)際上，英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句還可以簡(jiǎn)化為三種形式：
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + 賓語(yǔ);I hate grammar.
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞); Grammar sucks.
主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) Grammar is hell.
所以，我們?cè)陂喿x句子的時(shí)候，不管句子有多長(zhǎng)，不管是并列句還是復(fù)合句，都必須首先分清各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ))，有的句子中還包括賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
2、并列句
并列句就是兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，由表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成。常見(jiàn)的連詞：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。閱讀中遇到并列關(guān)系的句子，一般情況下是以連詞為界限，將句子分成前、后幾個(gè)部分，并分別來(lái)分析，各句的意思一般可以單獨(dú)理解，最后將各句合并即可。
I hate grammar, / while he loves it. (以while為界，可分為前后兩個(gè)小句子)
3、 主從復(fù)合句
主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句，它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不同的是，各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的，所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句子拆開(kāi)來(lái)看，而必須將各分句綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行理解。有時(shí)候，分句里面有可能還包含分句。
說(shuō)到從句，我們還要介紹一下英語(yǔ)中的三大從句：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。三大從句之下又包括紛繁復(fù)雜的從句形式：
名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句， 同位語(yǔ)從句
形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)：限制性，非限制性
副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)：時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，目的，讓步，方式，結(jié)果
看到這里，可能有些同學(xué)又會(huì)產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒了，其實(shí)這些細(xì)致的劃分我們可以跳過(guò)，對(duì)于具體句子中的從句如何解決其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，你只需知道從句做什么成分就可以了，從句做什么成分，就是個(gè)什么功能的從句。
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. (表語(yǔ))
What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主語(yǔ))
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(賓語(yǔ))
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. (同位語(yǔ))
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定語(yǔ))
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(狀語(yǔ))
在閱讀這樣的復(fù)雜句的時(shí)候，首先要找出主句或從句從哪兒開(kāi)始，到哪兒結(jié)束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把從句的內(nèi)容與主句綜合起來(lái)。
介紹完句子結(jié)構(gòu)，就該說(shuō)說(shuō)復(fù)雜句子的解決方法了，那就是優(yōu)先提取主干法。這種方法顧名思義就是先把句子的主干提取，因?yàn)橹鞲墒蔷渥拥木杷?，然后再看其他補(bǔ)充或修飾的成分。
One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was 【that [ what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school (---the most representative school of American art in any genre--- ) 主語(yǔ)從句] ( had by 1890) was firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school. 表語(yǔ)從句】
首先找到句子主干成分："One of the results was..."很明顯的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，that 引導(dǎo)的顯然是個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)由What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是"...was firmly established." 最后再加上修飾成分，句子就很容易分析了，也可以輕而易舉的翻譯并理解了：兩個(gè)派別斗爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果之一是：直到1890年，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)被稱(chēng)作"美國(guó)的"、"本土的"、或者偶爾被稱(chēng)作是"紐約的"美國(guó)藝術(shù)題材中最有代表性的學(xué)派，以哈德遜河學(xué)派命名被穩(wěn)固的建立在批評(píng)家和公眾的思想之中了。
優(yōu)先提取主干是一個(gè)很有效地方法，如果我們具備了基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)，了解了句子的成分構(gòu)成，先提取主干，抓住句子精髓，再看從句和其他部分，理清各個(gè)部分之間的關(guān)系，任何復(fù)雜的句子也就迎刃而解了。
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