英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分析
隨著全球一體化的發(fā)展，我國(guó)急需高水平的外語(yǔ)人才。英語(yǔ)作為一門(mén)國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言，其地位的重要性不容忽視。小編精心收集了英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)，供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)1
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(數(shù)詞)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(動(dòng)名詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語(yǔ)從句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:We are students.
(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(愛(ài)好)is playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)
The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Time is up. The clais over.(副詞)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語(yǔ))
I enjoy listening to popular music.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類(lèi):(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名詞)
They painted their boat white.(形容詞)
Let the fresh air in.(副詞)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語(yǔ))
We saw her entering the room.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語(yǔ))
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)
(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代詞)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動(dòng)名詞)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語(yǔ))
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語(yǔ))
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分詞短語(yǔ))
Wait a minute.(名詞)
Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類(lèi)如下:
How about meeting again at six?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語(yǔ))
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(條件狀語(yǔ))
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語(yǔ))
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語(yǔ))
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
I am taller than he is.(比較狀語(yǔ))
英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)2
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法看上去很復(fù)雜，很多句型要記，但其實(shí)只要深入研究，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)也不過(guò)是圍繞這五個(gè)基本句子來(lái)展開(kāi)，分別是：
S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十p主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
說(shuō)明：S=主語(yǔ);V=謂語(yǔ);P=表語(yǔ);O=賓語(yǔ);O1=間接賓語(yǔ);O2=直接賓語(yǔ);C=賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
五個(gè)基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：
1.S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他們聽(tīng)得很仔細(xì)。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country.
中國(guó)屬于第三世界國(guó)家。
The gas has given out.
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2.S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v.)，常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣。
The story sounds interesting.
這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣。
The desk feels hard.
書(shū)桌摸起來(lái)很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
餅嘗起來(lái)很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花聞起來(lái)香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你長(zhǎng)得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)背叛他的祖國(guó)。
注意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手來(lái)摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他們?cè)谄穱L魚(yú)。
They grow rice in their home town.
他們?cè)诩亦l(xiāng)種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
請(qǐng)把這個(gè)句于澤成英語(yǔ)。
3.S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)，因此有賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事嗎?
They found their home easily.
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year.
他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?/p>
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他們?cè)诖謇锝艘蛔S。
They have taken good care of the children.
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他給我一本書(shū)。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
請(qǐng)幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他問(wèn)我個(gè)問(wèn)題。
注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說(shuō)法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他們搶了老人的錢(qián)。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險(xiǎn)。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
醫(yī)生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他們剝奪了他說(shuō)話的權(quán)利。
5.S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
常見(jiàn)的可接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in.
我見(jiàn)他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他們感到汽車(chē)行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我剛才聽(tīng)到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門(mén)對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。
英語(yǔ)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)3
主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：
1、主語(yǔ)：可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞(如boy),主格代詞(如you),數(shù)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞等.主語(yǔ)一般
在句首.注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角,一般在主語(yǔ)之后.謂語(yǔ)可以是不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)
有賓語(yǔ),形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu),
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下這些詞是不及物動(dòng)詞：表發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)的,如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表來(lái)、去,如：com
e, go 等)
3、賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)位于及物動(dòng)詞之后,一般同主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一樣,不同的是構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’,如：me,
him,them等.除了代詞賓格可以作賓語(yǔ)外,名詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式等可以作賓語(yǔ).
eg：I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：
1、主語(yǔ)：同‘主謂賓’結(jié)構(gòu).
2、謂語(yǔ)：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞(Link verb)：be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞如：become成為,turn變
成,go變和感官動(dòng)詞如：feel, touch, hear, see等.其特點(diǎn)是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞與其后的表語(yǔ)沒(méi)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,表語(yǔ)多為形容詞
或副詞,既,不可能是賓語(yǔ).
3、表語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、等.可為形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、分詞.(1)當(dāng)聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞不是
be,而其后是名詞和代詞時(shí),多表達(dá)‘轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?rsquo;之意,注意與動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的區(qū)別.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.這個(gè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò).
I feel good.我感覺(jué)好.
The egg smells bad.這個(gè)雞蛋難聞.
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是個(gè)男孩)主語(yǔ)為T(mén)om,系詞為be動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)is,表語(yǔ)為a boy
(三)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)：
There be 表示‘存在有’.這里的there沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不可與副詞‘there那里’混淆.
此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
試比較：There is a boy there.(那兒有一個(gè)男孩.)/前一個(gè)there無(wú)實(shí)意,后一個(gè)there為副詞‘那里’.
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