關(guān)于好的文摘的英語閱讀
關(guān)于好的文摘的英語閱讀
學(xué)習(xí)英語是要持之以恒的，同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中一定不要偷懶哦，只要我們多多看一些英語所以小編今天給大家整理了英語的文摘，大家快點學(xué)習(xí)起來，有需要的同學(xué)可以收藏起來哦，大家快點來學(xué)習(xí)一下哦。
適應(yīng)氣候變化
Adapting to Climate Change
適應(yīng)氣候變化
Adapt To Change?
適應(yīng)變化?
We know global warming is bad: The temperature of the air on the Earth’s surface is projected to increase at a rate more rapid than any temperature change that has taken place in the last ten thousand years.
眾所周知，全球氣候變暖是件壞事：地球表面的空氣溫度預(yù)計正以一種前所未有的速度上升，甚至比過去十年所發(fā)生的氣溫變化都要快。
Since species have adapted to climate change in the past, why can’t they simply adapt to these changes?
既然物種能適應(yīng)過去的氣候變化，為何它們就不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的變化呢?
Thanks to ecosystem changes due to agriculture and deforestation and pollution, many species are already weakened to begin with. Plus, in the past, climate change has happened slowly enough that many species had enough time to shift the locations where they grow and reproduce. But the current projected rate of surface temperature change would require for plants to move at a rate of 3.5 miles per year. (The fastest plant species only migrate at the rate of 1.3 miles a year.)
由于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、森林砍伐和污染導(dǎo)致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生變化，許多物種已經(jīng)開始變得脆弱。此外，過去的氣候變化緩慢，很多物種有足夠的時間移棲到新的地方繁衍生息。但目前地表溫度變化速率預(yù)計要求植物以每年3.5英里的速度遷移(而移動速度最快的植物物種，每年也不過是1.3英里)。
Pick Up And Move?
說走就走?
Though they’re not quite as rooted, animals cannot just pick up and move to more inclement environs if their food source can’t move with them. And it doesn’t help that all of the different ways we use land means that the Earth is pretty much a mosaic of different ecosystems rather than larger, contiguous habitats.
盡管動物不像植物那樣根深蒂固，但假如他們的食物來源不能隨它們遷徙，它們也無法離開惡劣的環(huán)境。并且，我們利用土地的不同方式意味著地球并不是一大塊連續(xù)的棲息地，而變成了由不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)拼接而成的馬賽克。這使得動物遷徙的可能性更小了。
So even if a species is able to migrate quickly enough, it has nowhere to go and nothing to eat. The Earth’s species simply don’t have enough time and resources to adapt to such rapid climate change, and that’s why many aren’t expected to survive if global warming continues at its currently projected rate.
因此，即便物種可以迅速遷徙，它們也無處可去、無物可吃。地球上的物種并沒有足夠的時間和資源去適應(yīng)如此快速的氣候變化，故此，如果全球氣候變暖繼續(xù)以目前的預(yù)計速度變化，很多物種將無法生存。
不同年齡的蜜蜂有不同的分工
Bees Have Different Jobs According To Their Age
不同年齡的蜜蜂有不同的分工
Bees take on different jobs in a bee hive according to their age. Many become food scouts when older, but not all scouts are the same. Some search for new flowers, while others fly to and from established nectar sources.
不同年齡的蜜蜂在蜂群中有不同的分工。許多蜜蜂在年老時會充當(dāng)“食物偵察兵”。但不是所有的“偵察兵”均如此。一些會去尋找新的花朵，其他的則往返于筑好的蜜源和蜂巢之間。
A team of scientists wondering if some bees might be natural risk takers decided to put that question to the test. They placed a hive in an enclosure with a feeder of sugar water and marked each bee that visited the feeder.
一組科學(xué)家想知道一些蜜蜂是否天生就擔(dān)當(dāng)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險的角色，于是決定通過實驗來找出答案。他們把蜂巢移到一個柵欄中，柵欄邊放置裝滿糖水的喂食器，然后把每個去過喂食器的蜜蜂都做上標(biāo)記。
A few days later, they added second feeder and marked the bees that found that one. Challenging the bees again, they moved the second feeder to a new location and marked the bees that discovered that location too.
幾天過后，科學(xué)家們又安置了第二個喂食器，并標(biāo)記出拜訪過的蜜蜂。為了給蜜蜂增加點難度，他們把第二個喂食器移動到一個新的位置，然后標(biāo)記上發(fā)現(xiàn)新位置的蜜蜂。
Bees that found new feeders both times were called scouts, while bees that only gathered nectar at the old feeder were called non scouts. Nest scouts, who search for new hive locations, were three times more likely to be nectar scouts when older.
兩次都能找到喂食器的叫做尋蜜蜂，而只在原先喂食器取蜜的蜜蜂稱之為保育蜂。尋找新蜂巢的筑巢蜂在年老時有三倍的可能性會成為尋蜜蜂。
To determine if there are differences between scouts and non scouts, researchers examined their brains to see which genes were active. What they found was surprising. There were large differences in over one thousand genes. Some of those genes are very similar to ones associated with human novelty seeking behavior.
為了確定尋蜜蜂和保育蜂之間是否存在不同，研究人員通過觀察它們的大腦來找出活躍的基因。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)令人出乎意料。蜜蜂的上千種基因各不相同。有些基因與人類尋找新奇事物行為相關(guān)的基因十分相似。
Scientists examined genes controlling dopamine signaling, which reinforces pleasure in humans. In bees it works just the opposite; high dopamine reinforces aversion. Bees with genes that made more dopamine receptors were non scouts, while those with low receptors tended to be scouts.
科學(xué)家檢查了控制多巴胺信號的基因，這種基因會增強人類的愉悅感。但是在蜜蜂中該基因的作用卻恰恰相反;多巴胺含量高會增加蜜蜂的嫌惡感。攜帶這種能夠產(chǎn)生較多多巴胺感受器基因的蜜蜂叫做保育蜂，而那些產(chǎn)生較少感受器的蜜蜂就成為了尋蜜蜂。
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