中國建筑英語介紹文章范文閱讀
中國建筑英語介紹文章范文閱讀
中國古典建筑算是舉世聞名的，如今獨具特色的新建筑物也猶如雨后春筍般地出現(xiàn)。今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理了介紹中國建筑的英語文章，希望大家喜歡!
介紹中國建筑的英語文章篇一
The Ancient Architecture
中國古代建筑藝術(shù)
Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermilion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture. 7000 years ago, mortise and tenon and tongue-and-groove were used in Hemudu. The buildings of Banpo village had the division of antechamber and back rooms. Great palaces were built in Shangyin period. Bricks and tiles were used and the layout of Siheyuan emerged in the Western Zhou. There are even building drawings in Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods passed down.
中國建筑體系是以木結(jié)構(gòu)為特色陽的建筑藝術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)建筑叫種屋頂造型、飛檐翼角、斗拱彩畫、朱柱金頂、內(nèi)外裝修門及園林景物等，充分體現(xiàn)出中國建筑藝術(shù)的純熟和感染力。七千年前河姆渡文化中即有樺卵和企口做法。半坡村已有前堂后室之分。商殷時已出現(xiàn)高大宮室。西周時已使用磚瓦并有四合院布局。春秋戰(zhàn)國時期更有建筑圖傳世。京邑臺柵宮室內(nèi)外梁柱、斗拱上均作裝飾，墻壁上飾以壁畫。
In Qin and Han, wooden building tended to be mature gradually. Complex buildings, like Epang Palace, were constructed. Temples and pagodas developed rapidly in the period of Weijin and Southern and Northern dynasties. Glass tiles used in Sui and Tang made the building more glorious. The city construction in the period of Five dynasties and Song was booming. Luxury restaurants and shops with lofts and railings were very beautiful. Many palaces and private gardens built in Ming and Qing are reserved today, which are more magnificent and stately than that of the Song Dynasty.
秦漢時期木構(gòu)建筑日趨成熟，建筑宏偉壯觀，裝飾豐富，舒展優(yōu)美，出現(xiàn)了阿房宮等龐大的建筑組群。魏晉南北朝時期佛寺、佛塔迅速發(fā)展。隋唐時期建筑采用琉璃瓦，更是富麗堂皇。五代、兩宋都市建筑興22，商業(yè)繁榮，豪華的酒樓、商店各有飛閣欄檻，風(fēng)格秀麗。明清時代的宮殿苑固和私家園林保存至今者尚多，建筑亦較宋代華麗繁瑣、威嚴(yán)自在。
介紹中國建筑的英語文章篇二
The Basic Components of the Ancient Chinese Building
中國古代建筑的基本組成
臺基
It is also called base pedestal, which is the base of the building. Its surface is higher than ground. Base is for bolstering the building and protecting it against damp or corrosion. In the meantime, it can make up for the imperfection that the single-building in Chinese ancient architecture is insufficient in grandness and height. Generally there are four kinds of bases.
也稱基座。系高出地面的建筑物底U叫建筑時時潮防腐，同時可彌補(bǔ)中國古建筑單體建筑不甚高大雄偉的欠缺。大致有四種。
A. Common base
1.普通臺基
It is almost 1 Chinese chi in height, which tamped and cemented with the mixed earth of white Clay or mud or brickbat. Common base is usually used for constructing the small type of building.
用素土或灰土或碎磚三合土芳筑而成，約高一尺，常用于小式建筑。
B. Higher Class base
2.較高級臺基
It is higher than common base. The white marble banister is often built at the side of this type of base. Higher-class base is used for the less important building in big type buildings or palace buildings.
較普通臺基高，常在臺基上邊建漢白玉欄桿，用于大式建筑或?qū)m殿建筑中的次要建筑。
C. Much higher Class base
3.更高級臺基
It is the XuMi Base，which is also called Buddha's warrior Base. "XuMi" is a mountain in ancient India myth, which is said locating in world center and is the tallest mount，cosmos. The sun, moon and stars appear and disappear among it and all the structures of universe need to build up alongside its layers. Xu-Mi Base is used as base of the figure of Buddha or shrine to show the lofty greatness of Buddha. The ancient Chinese architecture uses the XuMi base to show the buildings' class. It is generally built up in layers with brick or stone, much higher class base has cave，convex line feet，and line decoration in it, and the white marble banister is built at its stage. It is used for constructing the palace and the big temple in common.
即須彌座，又名金剛座。"須彌"是古印度神話中的山名，相傳位于世界中心，系宇宙間最高的山，日月星辰出沒其間，三界諸天也依傍它層層建立。須彌座用陰影
佛像或神鑫的臺基，用以顯示佛的崇高偉大。中國古建筑采用須彌座表示建筑的級別。一般用磚或石砌成，上有凹凸線腳和紋飾，臺上建有漢白玉欄桿，常用于宮殿和著名寺院中的主要殿堂建筑。
D. The highest-class base
4.最高級臺基
It is folded by several XuMi Bases to make the building seem to be more large and grand. The highest-class base is usually used in the most superior buildings, for example, the three greatest halls of the Imperial Palace and Dacheng Hall of Confucian Temple in Qufu of Shandong，which are just towering aloft on the highest-class base.
由幾個須彌座相疊而成，從而使建筑物顯得更為宏偉高大，常用于最高級建筑，如故宮三大殿和山東曲阜孔廟大成殿即聳立在最高級臺基上。
Wood Cylinder
木頭圓柱
It is the cylindrical wood in common made of pine or bucket wood. Wood cylinder is placing on the stage of which the bottom is made of rock (sometimes bronze utensils). Many wood cylinders are used for propping up the purling of the house to form the beam.
常用松木或桶木制成的圓柱形木頭。置于石頭(有時是銅器)為底的臺上。多根木頭圓柱，用于支撐屋面穰條，形成梁架。
Room Width
開間
The space that is rounded by four wood cylinders is called "Opening". Those openings which face the building are called "room width", 0r called "Miankuo". The vertical depth number is called "enter depth". The Chinese in ancient times took odd number as good luck numbers, so the great majority of openings in the flat surface combination are odd numbers; and more openings mean the higher grades. Taihe Hall of the Imperial Palace in Peking and the Main Hall of Ancestral Temple in Peking have 11 openings both.
四根木頭圓柱圍成的空間稱為"間"。建筑的迎面間數(shù)稱為"開間或稱"面闊"。建筑的縱深間數(shù)稱"進(jìn)深"。中國古代以奇數(shù)為吉祥數(shù)字，所以平面組合中絕大多數(shù)的開間為單數(shù);而且開間越多，等級越高。北京故宮太和殿，北京太廟大開間為十一間。
Crossbeam , Namely Horizontal Beam
大梁，即橫梁
It is the main wood which is erected on the wood cylinder to form the ridge of roof. It is usually made of pine, elm or cedar. In Chinese traditional wood structure buildings, it is one of the main pieces of framework.
架于木頭圓柱上的一根最主要的木頭，以形成屋脊。常用松木、榆木或杉木制成。是中國傳統(tǒng)木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中骨架的主件之一。
Arch
斗拱
It is a special component in the Chinese ancient building. The square board is called "Dou", the short bow wood is called "arch"，the long inclined wood is called "Ang"，and "arch" is their general name. Usually it is placed among the pillar head and forehead，face of the house to prop up a beam and pick up eaves and it also has a decorative function. It is made up of the square wood, the short bow wood and the long inclined wood, mixing in length and breadth layer upon layer and pursuing a layer to pick outwardly to form a pad base which is to descend.
是中國古代建筑獨特的構(gòu)件。方形木塊叫斗，弓形短木叫拱，斜置長木叫昂，總稱斗拱。一般置于柱頭和額柿、屋面之間，用來支撐荷載梁架、挑出屋檐，兼具裝飾作用。由斗形木塊、弓形短木、斜置長木組成，縱橫交錯層疊，逐層向外挑出，形成上大下小的托座。
Colorful Painting
彩畫
It is originally for protecting wood structure against damp and corrosion and insect-eating，afterwards the press of it is just the adornment. After Song Dynasty, the colorful paintings have become the indispensable adornment art of palace. It is divided into three grades.
原是為木結(jié)構(gòu)防潮、防腐、防蛙，后來才突出其裝飾性，宋代以后彩畫已成為宮殿不可缺少的裝飾藝術(shù)?？煞譃槿齻€等級。
A. The Hexi colorful painting
1.和經(jīng)彩畫
It is the highest colorful painting in grade. Its main characteristics are: the center of the painting is made up of various pictures of dragons or phoenix and using the flower patterns to fill the space; both sides of the paintings use 《》 to frame and daub them with some shining coating such as gilding to make them look very magnificent.
是等級最高的彩畫。其主要特點是：中間的畫面由各種不同的龍或鳳的圖案組成，間補(bǔ)以花卉圖案;畫面兩邊用《》框住，并且瀝粉貼金，金碧輝煌，十分壯麗。
B. The circle colorful painting
2.旋子彩畫
Its grade is next to the Hexi colorful painting. The painting uses the simplified form of flowers with the eddy petals; sometimes it can also draw dragon and phoenix. The two sides may frame with gilding powder It is generally used in the less important palace or temples.
等級次于和窒彩畫。畫面用簡化形式的渦卷瓣旋花，有時也可畫龍鳳，兩邊框起，可以貼金粉，也可以不貼金粉。一般用在次要宮殿或寺廟中。
C. The colorful painting of Su's type
3.蘇式彩畫
Its Grade is lower than the two kinds above. The picture covers landscape, person story, flowers, birds, fish, and insects..., the both sides use "《》" or " ( )" to frame. "()" is called "wrapper" by architects. The colorful painting of Su's type is developing from the "wrapper" colorful painting of the South of the Yangze River.
等級低于前兩種。畫面為山水、人物故事、花鳥魚蟲等，兩邊用《》或()框起。"( )"被建筑家們稱作"包袱蘇式彩畫，便是從江南的包袱彩畫演變而來的。
Roof (called in ancient times "House Cover")
屋頂(古稱屋蓋)
The Chinese traditional roof has the following seven kinds, the Palace Wu of the double-eave roof and the heavy summit of hill of the double-eave roof are the highest grades , and then followed with the Palace Wu of the single-eave roof and the heavy summit of hill of the single-eave roof.
中國傳統(tǒng)屋頂有以下七種，其中以重檐龐殿頂、重檐歇山頂為級別最高，其次為單檐龐殿、單檐歇山頂。
A. The roof of the Palace Wu
1.龐殿頂
Its all sides are sloping with one positive ridge and four inclined ridges. The house's surface has a little bit radian，it is also called Four A Roof.
四面斜坡，有一條正脊和四條斜脊，屋面稍有弧度，又稱四阿頂。
B. The roof of the heavy summit of hill
2.歇山頂
It is a combination of the roof of the Palace Wu and the hard summit of hill, which means the upper part of the house surface with four sloping sides, and turns to the triangle wall surface which is hanging straight. There are one positive ridge, four hanging ridges and four dependent ridges in it, so it is also called nine-ridge roof.
是龐殿頂和硬山頂?shù)慕Y(jié)合，即四面斜坡的屋面上部轉(zhuǎn)折成垂直的蘭角形墻面。有一條正脊、四條垂脊，四條依脊組成，所以又稱九脊頂。
C. The roof of the hang summit of hill
3.懸山頂
It is that the two sides of the double ascent of the house surface stretch out the gable wall. There is a positive ridge and four hanging ridges on the house surface, so we also call it the roof of the picking-summit of hill.
屋面雙坡，兩側(cè)伸出山墻之外。屋面上有一條正脊和四條垂脊，又稱挑山頂。
D. The roof of the hard summit of hill
4.硬山頂
The double ascents of the house surface and two sides of the gable wall are at the same level of the house surface, or slightly higher than it.
屋面雙坡，兩側(cè)山墻同屋面齊平，或略高于屋面。
E. The roof of the accumulating top
5.攢尖頂
Its flat surface is circular or polygon and it is a roof of taper up. There is no positive ridge and several house ridges hand over in the top end. This type of roof is generally used in ordinary pavilion, terraces and towers.
平面為圓形或多邊形，上為錐形的屋頂，沒有正脊，有若干屋脊交于上端。一般亭、閣、塔常用此式屋頂。
F. The roof of rolling shed
6.卷棚頂
The house surface has double ascents and there is no obvious positive ridge, that is the connection of the front ond bock of the oscents building up in layers in a curved form instead of using the ridges.
屋面雙墟，沒有明顯的正脊，即前后坡相接處不用脊而砌成弧形曲面。山墻即房子兩側(cè)上部成山尖形的墻面。常見的山墻還有風(fēng)火山墻，其特點是兩側(cè)山墻高出屋面，隨屋頂?shù)男逼旅娑孰A梯形。
Gable Wall
藻井
It is the wall which is formed as the top of mountain at the up of both sides of the house. The familiar gable wall still has the wind-fire gable wall, which has the characteristics of two sides of gable wall being higher than house surface, presenting a stairs form with the slope surface of the roof.
中國傳統(tǒng)建筑中天花板上的一種裝飾。名為"藻井含有五行，以水克火，預(yù)防火災(zāi)之義。一般都在寺廟佛座上或?qū)m殿的寶座上方。是平頂?shù)陌歼M(jìn)部分，有方格形、六角形、八角形或圓形，上有雕刻或彩繪，常見的有"雙龍戲珠"。
Decorated Ceiling Panel (Algae Well)
It is a kind of adornment on the ceiling in the Chinese traditional building. "Algae well" implies that the water subdues fire, which con prevent it from a fire. It is generally above the Buddha's seat of temples or the throne of the palace. Algae well is the sunken part of the even roof, there being square space form, hexagon, octagon or circular, which is engraved or colored up on it，among those pictures "double dragons play with a bead" is quite populaor.
介紹中國建筑的英語文章篇三
Chinese Classical Gardens
中國古典園林
園林一向是中國文化的重要組成部分之一。一般來說，如果沒有觀賞過中國的園林就沒有真正到過中國。
Garden building is considered a chief component of Chinese culture Some people say that if you have never walked through a Chinese garden, you cannot say that you have really visited China.
中國園林歷史悠久。最早是皇家貴族的獰獵場，建于公元前11世紀(jì)的周朝。秦漢年間成為皇家的休閑娛樂場所，修建得更加美麗堂皇。明清時期園林建筑進(jìn)入鼎盛時期，圓明園是這一時期的杰出代表。與西歐的古典園林不同，前者長于幾何建構(gòu)，中國園林更是小規(guī)模的天然景觀。傳統(tǒng)的中國園林分三種：皇家園林、私人花園、風(fēng)景區(qū)園林。
The Chinese garden has a long history. It first appeared as early as the 11th century BC during the Zhou Dynasty in the form of a hunting preserve for emperors and nobles. During the Qin and Han dynasties, those natural preserves were made more beautiful and became places of recreation for imperial families. Garden building had its heyday during the Ming and Qing dynasties and the imperial garden Yuanmingyuan (the Garden of Perfection and Light) was regarded as the masterwork of this period. Different from classical European gardens, in which geometric patterns dominate, Chinese gardensαre made to resemble natural landscapes on a smaller scale. Traditional Chinese gardens fall into three categories: imperial, private，and landscape gardens.
大多數(shù)皇家園林位于華北：北京的北海公園、頤和園、紫禁城，河北承德的避暑山莊，陜西西安的華清池(有名的華清溫泉)。皇家園林占地面積很大，比如頤和園占地290公頃，而承德的避暑山莊占地560多公頃是中國最大的皇家園林。園林大體有三種作用：行政管理、居住，休閑娛樂。在多數(shù)的皇家園林中多以南北為軸，園林的主體建筑與此假想中的中心線連接，其他的建筑分散在山水之間作為輔線與之相互呼應(yīng)渾然一體。
Most imperial gardens are located in north China: Beihai park; the Summer Palace; the Imperial Garden of the Forbidden City in Beijing; the Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde, Hebei Province; and Huaqing Palace, presently known as Huaqing Hot Spring, in Xi'an, Sha anxi Province. Imperial gardens occupy large areas. The Summer Palace，for instance, has an area of 290 hectares while the Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde, which covers more than 560 hectares, is the largest imperial garden in China. Most of these gardens have three sections which serve administrative, residential, and recreational purposes. In large imperial gardens, the main buildings are connected by an imaginary line in the middle of the garden on a north-south axis. Other buildings scattered among hills and waters are linked by subordinate lines, forming a well-designed symmetry and adding more beauty to the chief architectural complex.
皇家園林的其他特征為色彩斑斕、人工假山和人工湖，別具一格。以塔、欄桿、屏風(fēng)、石桌、石橋、拱橋為其建筑風(fēng)格的特色。
Other characteristics of imperial gardens are coloured paintings, man-made hills and lakes, and ingeniously-designed buildings. Structures for artistic appreciation, such as pagodas, balustrades, screen walls, stone tablets, bridges，and decorated archways abound in those gardens.
大多數(shù)私家園林多聚集在中國的南方長江以南，多建在住宅的一側(cè)或者是后面。園林中多為巖石、涼亭、池塘、小橋、樹術(shù)和花草。四周到處是游廊、裝飾、門窗，以便客人可以欣賞其中的美景。家庭的園林多為花園，用以招待客人、舉行宴會、吟詩作畫。多為開放式的且常在水邊，以便賞景。蜿蜒曲折的游廊連接著各個景點，也是遮蔭避雨的好去處。
Most private gardens are found in the south, especially in cities south of the Yangtze River. Private gardens were mostly built at one side or at the back of the residential houses. In almost every case, there is a large space in the garden set in a landscape of artistically arranged rockeries, ponds, pavilions, bridges, trees and flowers. Surrounding the beautiful scene are small open areas partitioned by corridors or walls with latticed windows or beautifully shaped doors through which visitors can enjoy the sights. Buildings in the garden were used for receiving guests, holding banquets, reading, or writting poetry. They are open on all sides and are often situates near the water so that the whole scene can be enjoyed. The winding corridors connect various buildings and also provide a covered veranda as shelter from the rain and shade from the sun.
蘇州園林，是"園林中的園林是最好的展現(xiàn)中國傳統(tǒng)私家園林的代表。滄浪亭質(zhì)樸迷人，獅子林奇石巧布，拙政園水靜房獻(xiàn)，而留園則是建筑藝術(shù)古樸、山水林井然有序，這些都分別代表了宋、元、明、清時期的園林。
Suzhou, known as the land of gardens, displays the most and the best Chinese traditional private gardens. Among them, the Pavilion of the Surging Waves is known for its rustic charm, Lion Grove for its strange rockeries, the Humble Administrator's Garden for its tranquil waters and elegant buildings，and the Garden for Lingering in for its ancient architectural art and the arrangement of hills, waters, and plants. They are examples of the garden styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties respectively.
揚(yáng)州的園林多以建筑風(fēng)格獨特、奇山怪石為特征。比如:在葛園中，不同形狀的巖石可以表現(xiàn)不同的季節(jié)。南京的詹園，無錫的濟(jì)昌園和上海的豫園都很著名。
Gardens in Yangzhou are characterized by their architectural style and artistic rockeries. In the Ge Garden，for example, different formations of rocks are used to show different seasons. The Zhan Garden in Nanjing, the Jichang Garden in Wuxi, and the Yu Garden in Shanghai are also well-known.
廣東的園林多以大池塘，建筑顏色鮮艷和植物繁多而著名。順德的清輝園、東莞的客園，佛山的十二石館以及番周的雨音山社都是很好的代表。
Guangdong style gardens are distinguished by large ponds, brightly coloured buildings，and luxuriant plants. The Qinghui Garden in Shunde, the Ke Garden in Dongguan，the Twelve Stone Studio in Foshan，and the Yuyin Mountain House in Panyu are good examples.
風(fēng)景園林多以自然景觀為名，多用于大眾休閑。古代的中國人多以“景”來命名風(fēng)景區(qū)，美麗的名字使其更有意境。比如：杭州的西湖，揚(yáng)州的二十四瘦西湖、以及濟(jì)南的八壩湖等。杭州西湖很具有代表性:在湖心島的南岸有3個塔，每個有2米高，各有5個出口。在島的南角有個“我心相印亭”，透過出口可以看到分成3個部分的月亮，故得名“三潭映月”。
Landscape gardens are different and are places for public recreation. The landscape gardens contain a number of pleasant natural scenes. With a few man-made details, it looks more natural than artificial. The ancient Chinese used to call garden landscape ring which means "scene" in English. Good examples include the ten West Lake scenes in Hangzhou，the twenty-four slim West Lake scenes in Yangzhou and the Eight Darning Lake scenes in Jinan. In addition, each scene is endowed with a beautiful name, and each name in only a few words can express the principal theme of the scenery and give it a soul. The West Lake is typical. Off the southern shore of an island stand three stone pagodas, each two meters high. Five openings form a striking feature of the pagodas. From the centre of the "Mutual Affinity Pavilion" at the southern tip of the island, reflections of the moon can be viewed through the openings and they are divided into three part.
Thus, the name "san Tan Yin Yue"or "Three Pools Reflecting the Moon" is created.
在古代中國，一些寺廟也多建在風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方，后來多成為人們休閑的好去處。
In ancient China，temples and monasteries were usually built in beautiful places; consequently, those built with gardens have become places for public recreation.
詩人和畫家也為風(fēng)景園林增色不少。他們?yōu)檫@些園林填詩作賦或者設(shè)計制造，后代們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念他們把他們的詩歌刻在桌子上，庭子里，以及塔上。這也豐富了園林的內(nèi)涵，吸引了眾多的游客。
Many famous poets and painters contributed greatly to the development of landscape gardens. They either left poetic inscriptions for those gardens, or designed the gardens themselves. In order to commemorate those poets and painters, later generations had their poems and inscriptions engraved on tablets, pavilions, or pagodas，thus enriching the gardens and inspiring visitors.
這些風(fēng)景園林與很多的神仙和傳說有關(guān)，這也為它們增添了許多沖秘的色彩。比如，浙江金山的法海寺和白蛇洞就與“白蛇傳的傳說”有關(guān)。南京的“莫愁”湖就是根據(jù)世代相傳的傳說得名的。風(fēng)景園林不僅是休閑娛樂的地方，也是公眾活動的地方。傳統(tǒng)的宗教活動每年多在風(fēng)景園林中進(jìn)行。
In landscape gardens there are often reminders of Chinese fairy tales or legends which add mystery to the beautiful scenes. For instance, the Fahai Temple and the White Dragon Cave in Jinshan Mountain in Zhenjiang relates to the fairy tale "The Legend of the White snake." The Mochou Lake in Nanjing is associated with a legend which has been handed down from ancient times. Landscape gardens are not only places for recreation, but also places for public activities. Traditional religious activities are usually held in these gardens annually.
中國園林的建筑藝術(shù)也對其他國家產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。早至6世紀(jì)，中國的園林建筑就被引人日本，并被貫以中國名字。對中國風(fēng)格的熱衷使中國園林后來也傳入了歐洲，比如在巴黎就有20多個這樣的園林花園。
The technique of Chinese garden building has also exerted a great influence on other countries. As early as the sixth century, Chinese garden building was introduced into Japan where gardens were given Chinese names. Later the enthusiasm for Chinese style gardens spread to the European continent. For example, more than twenty such scenic parks were built in Paris.
現(xiàn)代中國在竭力保護(hù)和重建古典園林。在 1980年中國建筑工程總公司的風(fēng)景建筑公司建立，并與外國客戶簽約修建園林。同年，美國紐約市的大都市藝術(shù)博物館的明軒園由該公司的蘇州分公司建成。而中國廣州分公司為西德的1983年的慕尼黑世界園林展覽會修建了芳華園。
Modern China tries to protect and restore classical gardens and to build new ones. In 1980, the Landscape Architecture Art in New York City was built by the Suzhou branch of the company，and the Guangzhou branch completed the Chinese Garden (Fang Hua Yuan) for the 1983 Munich World Garden Exhibition in the West Germany.
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