第一印象好不好由什么決定

　　摘要:當(dāng)別人與你第一次見面，他們都會(huì)問自己兩個(gè)問題。這兩個(gè)問題所得出答案決定了他們對(duì)你的看法和行動(dòng)。

　　When a person meets you for the first time they ask themselves two questions. The answers to these two questions will have all sorts of knock-on effects for how they think about you and how they behave towards you。

　　Professor Susan Fiske of Princeton University has shown that all social judgements can be boiled down to these two dimensions:

　　當(dāng)別人與你第一次見面，他們都會(huì)問自己兩個(gè)問題。這兩個(gè)問題所得出答案決定了他們對(duì)你的看法和行動(dòng)。

　　普林斯頓大學(xué)教授蘇珊·菲斯克通過研究各種社會(huì)性判斷，得出這些判斷都能被總結(jié)成以下兩個(gè)問題：

　　1.How warm is this person?

　　這個(gè)人有多熱情?

　　The idea of warmth includes things like trustworthiness, friendliness, helpfulness, sociability and so on. Initial warmth judgements are made within a few seconds of meeting you。

　　熱情的定義包括可信度、友好度、有益性、社交性等等。這種最初的熱情與否的判斷在你與他人見面后幾秒鐘內(nèi)就能得到答案。

　　2.How competent is this person?

　　這個(gè)人有沒有能力?

　　Competency judgements take longer to form and include things like intelligence, creativity, perceived ability and so on。

　　能力的判斷需要花更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)得出，能力包括了智力、創(chuàng)造力和領(lǐng)悟力等等。

　　Susan Fiske's research has looked at different cultures, times and types of social judgements, but these two concepts come up again and again in slightly different guises. Not only do we make these judgements about other people, but we frame their behaviour using these two questions。

　　蘇珊·菲斯克教授的研究涵蓋了不同的文化、不同的時(shí)代和不同類型的社會(huì)性判斷，即使有細(xì)微差別，但是這兩個(gè)問題一再地在研究中出現(xiàn)。我們不但通過這兩個(gè)問題來(lái)判斷別人，而且會(huì)做出相應(yīng)的行為動(dòng)作。

　　The primacy of warmth and competence may reflect evolved, instinctual reactions to these two questions about others:

　　關(guān)于熱情和能力的最基本的判斷會(huì)讓我們做出直覺的反應(yīng)，從而引申出下面的兩個(gè)問題：

　　1.Friend or foe? Is this person going to hurt me or help me?

　　是敵是友?這個(gè)人是來(lái)害我的還是來(lái)助我的?

　　2.Capable of hurting or helping? Can this person help me if they're friendly or hurt me if they're not?

　　能不能害我/幫我?如果來(lái)人是友好的，能不能幫我?如果來(lái)者不善，會(huì)不會(huì)害我?

　　How warm and competent do other people find you? You probably know quite well how other people view you。

　　別人是如何看待你的?有多熱情?有多少能力?答案你可能知道得很清楚。