經(jīng)典的英語優(yōu)秀的文摘范文
學(xué)習(xí)的過程會多不一樣的學(xué)習(xí)方法，但是我們要堅持適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，所以小編今天就給大家分享一下英語文摘，喜歡的就來看看吧
公眾的利益 In the public interest
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
斯堪的納維亞半島各國實行的開明的社會政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐漸形成了一種完善的制度以保護(hù)每個公民不受專橫的和不稱職的政府官員的欺壓。由于這種制度行之有效，已被其他國家采納。
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J. O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1, 200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. From
是瑞典人首先認(rèn)識到政府工作人員如文職人員、警官、衛(wèi)生稽查員、稅務(wù)人員等等也會犯錯誤或者自以為在為公眾服務(wù)而把事情做過了頭。早在1809年，瑞典議會就建立了一個保護(hù)公民利益的制度。議會內(nèi)有一個代表各政黨利益的委員會，由它委派一位稱職的人選專門調(diào)查個人對國家的意見。此人官銜為“司法特派員”，但瑞典人一般都管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派員”。司法特派員不受任何政治壓力的制約。他聽取社會各階層的各種大小意見，并進(jìn)行調(diào)查。由于意見均需用書面形式提出，司法特派員每年平均收到1，200封信。他有8位律帥做他的助手協(xié)助工作，每封信都詳細(xì)批閱。司法特派員的工作沒有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公開的，供公眾監(jiān)督。如果公民的意見正確，司法特派員便為他伸張正義。司法特派員采取的行動因意見的性質(zhì)不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批評某位官員，也可以甚至向議會提議修改某項法律。下述事件是司法特派員工作的一個典型例子。
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in tthe record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
一個住在瑞典鄉(xiāng)村的外國人寫信給司法特派員，抱怨說他受到警察虐待，原因就是因為他是個外國人。司法特派員立即寫信給當(dāng)?shù)氐木炀珠L，請他寄送與此事有關(guān)的材料。材料中沒有任何文字記載證明外國人所說的情況符合事實，警察局長矢口否認(rèn)這一指控。司法特派員難以處理。但是，當(dāng)他又收到住在同一村莊的另一個外國人寫的一封內(nèi)容類似的投訴信時，他立即派出一位律師前去調(diào)查。律師證實有個警察確實多次粗魯?shù)貙Υ鈬?。警察歧視外國人的事在官方檔案中不可能加以記載，司法特派員只有派他的代表去核對事實才能了解真相。當(dāng)事的警察受到嚴(yán)厲斥責(zé)，并被告知，如果再有人投訴他，他將受到起訴。司法特派員及時采取的行動，迅速制止了這一起不愉快的事件，不然這件事可能因未得到人們注意而不了了之。
不要傷害蜘蛛 Spare that spider
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings.
你可能會覺得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么會是我們的朋友呢?因為它們能消滅那么多的昆蟲，其中包括一些人類的大敵。要不是人類受一些食蟲動物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財物。
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.
許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因為蜘蛛都是8條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
有多少蜘蛛在為我們效力呢?一位研究蜘蛛的權(quán)威對英國南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次調(diào)查。他估計每英畝草坪里有225萬多只蜘蛛。這就是說，在一個足球場上約有600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年忙于吃昆蟲。它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡直無法猜測，它們是吃不飽的動物，不滿意一日三餐。據(jù)估計，在英國蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過了這個國家人口的總重量。
人腦與電腦的區(qū)別
The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word:complexity.
要形容人腦與電腦的區(qū)別只需一個詞，即：復(fù)雜。
Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can't compare in intricacy with the brain. Computer switches and comportents number in the thousands rather than in the billions.What's more, the computer switch is just an on-off device,whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure.
即使是迄今為止人類制造出的最復(fù)雜的電腦如果與人腦的復(fù)雜相比也望塵莫及。電腦轉(zhuǎn)換組合出的數(shù)字只有千百萬種而不是千百億。更重要的是，電腦的轉(zhuǎn)換器只是一個開關(guān)裝置，而大腦細(xì)胞本身就具有極其復(fù)雜的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by "think". If solving a mathematical problem is "thinking", then a computer can "think" and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straightforward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers of today can be geared for that.
電腦會“思考”嗎?這就要看你所說的“思考”是指什么了。如果解一道數(shù)學(xué)題是“思考”，那么電腦會“思考”，而且比人腦快得多。當(dāng)然，絕大多數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)題都可以通過一遍一遍機(jī)械地重復(fù)簡單的程序而得到解決。即使是現(xiàn)今簡單的計算機(jī)也能做到這點。
Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the equivalent of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.
然而，電腦如果能造得夠復(fù)雜，它也能和我們一樣富于創(chuàng)造力。如果它能造得同人腦一樣復(fù)雜，它便能與人腦相媲美，并能做到人腦能做到的一切。
But how long will it take to build a computer complex enough to duplicate the human brain? Perhaps not as long as some think. Long before we approach a computer as complex as our brain, we will perhaps build a computer that is at least complex enough to design another computer more complex than itself. This more complex computer could design one still more complex and so on and so on and so on.
但是，要造出一個與人腦一樣復(fù)雜的電腦要花多長時間呢?或許不會像有些人想象的那么長。在造出與人腦一樣復(fù)雜的電腦之前，我們也許可能要先造出一個電腦，它復(fù)雜得至少能設(shè)計出比它本身更復(fù)雜的電腦。那個更復(fù)雜的電腦又能再設(shè)計出比自己更復(fù)雜的電腦，如此反復(fù)。
In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers take over and there is a "complexity explosion". In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist that not only duplicate the human brain--but far surpass it.
換言之，我們一旦突破了某個極點，電腦將盛行起來，并導(dǎo)致“復(fù)雜性爆炸”。不久，電腦將不僅復(fù)制人腦，而且將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越人腦。
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