2022六級(jí)閱讀原文及參考答案解析
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閱讀篇一
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilization and our species.”
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studying history,” Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,” he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one – industrialization. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.”
Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems or humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,” she said, “but it has limitations, which present grace dangers given uncritical use.”
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.
46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilization.
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.
46. B. It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.
【定位】根據(jù)題干Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence定位到第一段第一句
【解析】“either the best, or the worst thing…”，要么是最好的，要么是最壞的，與選項(xiàng)B對(duì)應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A不是本文主旨所在。選項(xiàng)C偷換邏輯，文中是說(shuō)人工智能可能有益也可能有害，不是在說(shuō)機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。選項(xiàng)D在原文并未直接提及，也與主旨無(wú)關(guān)。
47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?
A) It would accelerate the process of AI research.
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.
47. C. It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.
【定位】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the creation of the LCFI定位到第一段第二句
【解析】“crucial to the future of our civilization and our species” 對(duì)我們文明和我們物種的未來(lái)至關(guān)重要，與選項(xiàng)C對(duì)應(yīng)。本題較為簡(jiǎn)單，選項(xiàng)A、選項(xiàng)B與選項(xiàng)D均沒(méi)有在原文中提及，而且文章是在說(shuō)LEFI的重要性。
48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.
48. A. The shift of research focus from the past to the future.
【定位】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞a welcome change定位到第二段末尾句
【解析】it’s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence. 人們研究的是智慧的未來(lái)，這是一個(gè)令人歡迎的變化。根據(jù)前文的We spend a great deal of time studying history…is mostly the history of stupidity可知，我們花了很多時(shí)間研究愚蠢的歷史，可以選出選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B與選項(xiàng)C在原文沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D偏離了重點(diǎn)，題干是在問(wèn)令人歡迎的變化是什么，對(duì)應(yīng)原文“從研究歷史到研究未來(lái)的轉(zhuǎn)換”。
49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.
B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.
C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.
D) Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
49. D. Super—intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
【定位】根據(jù)題干concerns和Hawking raise about AI定位到原文第三段第一句
【解析】…raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence…：如果人類(lèi)有自己的意愿創(chuàng)造出一種超級(jí)智能，那么人類(lèi)可能是自身毀滅的建筑師。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D。選項(xiàng)A與選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有在原文提及。選項(xiàng)D與選項(xiàng)C的差異在于，選項(xiàng)D是說(shuō)人工智能毀滅人類(lèi)，選項(xiàng)C是說(shuō)人工智能毀滅人工智能自身。這是題目陷阱——原文中的its own destruction，its指代前文的humanity人類(lèi)。
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?
A) They are much influenced by the academic community.
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.
50. C. They share the same concerns about AI as academic.
【定位】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞some entrepreneurs定位到原文最后一段第二句
【解析】most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity. 最著名的企業(yè)家埃隆·馬斯克，也表達(dá)了他們對(duì)超級(jí)智能人工智能可能對(duì)人類(lèi)造成的損害的擔(dān)憂。這種擔(dān)憂正是前文的學(xué)術(shù)界表達(dá)的。所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A、選項(xiàng)B與選項(xiàng)D均沒(méi)有在原文中提及。
閱讀篇二：
Question 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach billion by next year, and startups(初創(chuàng)公司)want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,” says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong(麻將).
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
“I have the computer and Face Time, which I talk with my family on,” she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic(害怕技術(shù)的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?
51. What does the passage say about the startups?
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market.
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.
答案：B
【解析】
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach billion by next year, and startups(初創(chuàng)公司)want in on the action.
原句中說(shuō)專(zhuān)門(mén)為老年人定制產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)在明年將創(chuàng)300億美元的營(yíng)業(yè)額，而startups初創(chuàng)公司也want in on the action想要從中分取一杯羹。選項(xiàng)，就是跟The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach billion by next year, and startups(初創(chuàng)公司)want in on the action.的同義替換。
52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to .
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
答案：C
【解析】
So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communication, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say.這里的題眼在于hear what the residents have to say，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)居民們對(duì)他們的產(chǎn)品怎么看，也就是選項(xiàng)C中的collect residents’ feedback。
53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.
答案：D
【解析】
The startup’s product, Sentab TV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
原文中提到SentabTV幫助不習(xí)慣用電腦的老年人，跟選項(xiàng)D中instead of a computer呼應(yīng)。
54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?
A) Winning trust from prospective customers.
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
答案：A
【解析】
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,” he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,” all work better “than going through a survey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something – there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”
原句中提到了When they get to know me and to trust me，重要在于能得到居民的了解與信任，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A，獲得潛在客戶的信任。
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.
B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.
答案：B
【解析】
But Rodriguez says he’s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”這句話的最后半句提到，人們比我們想象中精通技術(shù)，B選項(xiàng)的quite at ease with指的是人們對(duì)高科技產(chǎn)品使用的得心應(yīng)手，正好為同義替換。
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