外貿(mào)代理制度的主要內(nèi)容是什么
外貿(mào)代理制度的主要內(nèi)容是什么
外貿(mào)代理制度,是指具有進(jìn)出口經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的受托人應(yīng)委托人的委托,代理委托人辦理涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合同的訂立及履行事宜,并收取一定手續(xù)費(fèi),而因 交易所產(chǎn)生的盈虧由委托人承擔(dān)的制度。你對(duì)外貿(mào)代理制度有多少了解?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你詳細(xì)介紹外貿(mào)代理制度的相關(guān)法律知識(shí)。
外貿(mào)代理制度的主要內(nèi)容
1、外貿(mào)代理制
外貿(mào)代理制是指由外貿(mào)公司充當(dāng)國(guó)內(nèi)客戶和供貨部門的代理人,代理委托方簽訂進(jìn)出口合同,收取一定的傭金或手續(xù)費(fèi)的做法。外貿(mào)企業(yè)需要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任,而價(jià)格和其他合同條款的最終決定權(quán)屬于委托方,進(jìn)出口盈虧和履約責(zé)任最終由委托方承擔(dān)。外貿(mào)代理制作為社會(huì)分工的產(chǎn)物,對(duì)開拓國(guó)際市場(chǎng)具有重大的作用,經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展和完善,已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)際貿(mào)易中一種重要的貿(mào)易方式。
2、中國(guó)外貿(mào)代理制的概念簡(jiǎn)介
所謂外貿(mào)代理,就是由中國(guó)的外貿(mào)公司充當(dāng)國(guó)內(nèi)客戶和供貨部門的代理人,代其簽訂進(jìn)出口合同,收取一定的傭金或手續(xù)費(fèi)的做法。過去長(zhǎng)期以來,中國(guó)外貿(mào)公司在出口方面一直是采取收購制,即由外貿(mào)公司用自有資金向國(guó)內(nèi)供貨部門收購出口商品,然后由外貿(mào)公司以自己的名義自營(yíng)出口,自負(fù)盈虧。
推行外貿(mào)代理制的主要目的之一就是要改變過去的傳統(tǒng)做法,即改為由外貿(mào)公司接受國(guó)內(nèi)供貨部門的委托,代其對(duì)外簽訂出口合同,代辦出口手續(xù),收取約定的傭金,至于出口的盈虧則由國(guó)內(nèi)供貨部門自負(fù)。
這項(xiàng)改革的主要好處在于:它有利于國(guó)內(nèi)供貨部門了解國(guó)際市場(chǎng)對(duì)產(chǎn)品的要求,促使他們提高出口產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量;增強(qiáng)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力和出口創(chuàng)匯能力;增強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)供貨部門對(duì)履行出口合同的責(zé)任感,促使其改善經(jīng)營(yíng)管理,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益;同時(shí)還可以減輕外貿(mào)公司在收購出口貨源方面的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān),并使外貿(mào)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式更加靈活多樣。對(duì)于工貿(mào)雙方都十分有利。
3、相關(guān)法規(guī)
中國(guó)《民法通則》第63條規(guī)定:“公民、法人可以通過代理人實(shí)施民事法律行為。代理人在代理權(quán)限內(nèi),以被代理人的名義實(shí)施民事法律行為,被代理人對(duì)代理人的代理行為承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。”
4、各國(guó)法規(guī)
對(duì)于代理的概念,大陸法系各國(guó)一般都規(guī)定得比較窄。《德國(guó)民法典》第164條第1款規(guī)定:“代理人于代理權(quán)限內(nèi),以被代理人名義所為的意思表示,直接為被代理人和對(duì)被代理人發(fā)生效力。”
《法國(guó)民法典》第1984條規(guī)定:“委托或代理,為一方授權(quán)他方以委托人的名義為委托人處理事務(wù)的行為。”
大陸法系各國(guó)為了拓寬代理的適用范圍還規(guī)定,只有當(dāng)被代理人經(jīng)過兩道合同手續(xù)才能與第三人發(fā)生法律關(guān)系,第一個(gè)是代理人與第三人訂立的合同,第二個(gè)是代理人把有關(guān)權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓于被代理人的合同。英美法系中代理概念的含義則較為完整并具有整體化的特征。
英國(guó)法學(xué)家認(rèn)為“當(dāng)一人(代理人)根據(jù)委托人(被代理人)授權(quán)而與第三人訂立合同時(shí),該代理人與委托人之間發(fā)生的法律關(guān)系稱為代理。代理人所訂立的合同對(duì)委托人和該第三人發(fā)生效力。”
顯然這個(gè)概念表述的代理既包括顯名代理、隱名代理即所謂代理人在同第三人訂立合同時(shí)表明他是代理人,但沒有指出他為之代理的被代理人的姓名的代理),也包括未經(jīng)披露被代理人身份的代理,并且即使是在未經(jīng)披露被代理人身份的代理關(guān)系中,三方當(dāng)事人之間的關(guān)系也表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)有機(jī)聯(lián)系的整體。
相比之下,中國(guó)《民法通則》第63條規(guī)定的代理的概念卻顯得過于狹窄,即代理必須以被代理人的名義,而且只將代理理解為代理人的行為。從法理上來看,代理不僅指代理行為,也指代理法律制度,更重要的是指代理法律關(guān)系。
據(jù)此有的學(xué)者提出,“代理是發(fā)生在被代理人、代理人及第三人之間的民事法律關(guān)系,代理人依代理權(quán)與第三人進(jìn)行民事活動(dòng),其權(quán)利義務(wù)直接由被代理人承擔(dān),但行紀(jì)關(guān)系不包括在代理概念之中。”這一概念拓寬了中國(guó)代理概念的范疇,表明中國(guó)的代理不僅應(yīng)包括顯名代理,也應(yīng)包括隱名代理,并將行紀(jì)作為一種獨(dú)立的民事法律關(guān)系。
相關(guān)閱讀:
外貿(mào)代理合同范本
編號(hào):No: 日期:Date:
本協(xié)議雙方為了發(fā)展貿(mào)易,在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上,按下列條件簽定本協(xié)議。
This agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows:
1 訂約人:
Contracting Parties:
供貨人:
Supplier: ( hereinafter called " Party A ")
銷售代理人:
Agent:( hereinafter called " Party B ")
甲方委托乙方為銷售代理人,推銷下列商品。
Party A hereby appoints party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below.
2 商品及數(shù)量或金額
Commodity and Quantity or amount
雙方約定,乙方在協(xié)議有效期內(nèi),承銷不少于_____的上述商品。
It is mutually agreed that Party B shall undertake to sell not less than _____ of the aforesaid commodity in the duration of this Agreement.
3 經(jīng)銷地區(qū) 只限在_____銷售。
Territory In_____only.
4 定單的確認(rèn)
關(guān)于協(xié)議所規(guī)定的上述商品的每筆交易,其數(shù)量、價(jià)格及裝運(yùn)條件等須經(jīng)甲方確認(rèn),并簽定銷售確認(rèn)書,對(duì)交易做具體規(guī)定。
Confirmation of orders
The quantities, prices and shipment of the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed foreach transaction, the particulars of which are to be specified in the Sales Confirmation signed by the two parties hereto.
5 付款
訂單確認(rèn)后,乙方須按照有關(guān)確認(rèn)書所規(guī)定的時(shí)間開立以甲方為受益人的保兌的、不可撤消的即期信用證。乙方開出信用證后,應(yīng)立即通知甲方,以便甲方準(zhǔn)備交貨。
Payment
After confirmation of the order, Party B shall arrange to open a confirmed, irrevocable L/C a vailable by draft at sight in favour of Party A within the time stipulated in the relevant S/C. Party B shall also notify Pary A immediately after L/C is opened, so that Party A can get prepared for delivery.
6 傭金
在本協(xié)議期滿時(shí),乙方完成了第二款所規(guī)定的數(shù)額,甲方當(dāng)按裝運(yùn)貨物所受到的全部發(fā)票金額付給乙方_____%的傭金。
Commission
Upon the expiration of the Agreement and Party B's fullfilment of the total turnover mentioned in Article 2, Party A shall pay to Party B_____% commission on the basis of the aggregate amount of the invoice valuealready paid by Party B of the shipments effected.
7 市場(chǎng)情況報(bào)告
乙方每三個(gè)月向甲方提供一次有關(guān)當(dāng)時(shí)市場(chǎng)情況和用戶意見的詳細(xì)報(bào)告。同時(shí),乙方應(yīng)隨時(shí)向甲方提供其它供應(yīng)商所給的類似商品的樣品及其價(jià)格、銷售情況和廣告資料。
Reports on Market Conditions
Party B shall forward once every three months to Party A detailed reports on current market conditions and of consumers comments. Meanwhile, Party B shall, from time to time, send to Party A samples of similiar commodities offered by other suppliers, together with their prices, sales informaiton and advertising materials.
8 宣傳廣告費(fèi)用
在本協(xié)議有效期內(nèi),乙方在上述經(jīng)銷地區(qū)內(nèi)所作廣告宣傳的一切費(fèi)用,由乙方自理。乙方須事先向甲方提供宣傳廣告的圖案及文字說明,由甲方審閱同意。
Advertising & Publicity Expenses
Party B shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity within the aforementioned territory in the duration of this Agreement and submit to Party A all patterns and / or drawings and description for prior approval.
9 協(xié)議有效期
本協(xié)議由雙方簽字后生效,有效期_____年,自_____至_____。若一方希望延長(zhǎng)本協(xié)議,則須在本協(xié)議期滿前一個(gè)月書面通知另一方,經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商決定。
若協(xié)議一方未履行協(xié)議條款,另一方有權(quán)終止協(xié)議。
Validity of Agreement
This agreement, after its being signed by the parties concerned shall remain of in force for_____as from _____ to _____ If either party wish to extend this Agreement, he shall notice, in writing, the other party one month prior to its expiration, the matter shall be decided by consent of the parties hereto.
Should enther party fail to implement the terms and conditions herein, the other party is entitled to terminate the Agreement.
10 仲裁
在履行協(xié)議過程中,如產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議,雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決。若通過友好協(xié)商未能達(dá)成協(xié)議,則提交中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì),根據(jù)該會(huì)仲裁程序暫行規(guī)定進(jìn)行仲裁。該委員會(huì)決定是終局的,對(duì)雙方均有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用,除另有規(guī)定外,由敗訴一方負(fù)擔(dān)。
Arbitration
All disputes arising from the execution of this agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations. In case no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trad Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade for Arbitration in accordance with its Provisional Rules of Procedure. The decesion made by this commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties. Arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party, unless otherwise awarded.
11 其它條款
(1) 甲方不得向經(jīng)銷地區(qū)其它買主供應(yīng)本協(xié)議所規(guī)定的商品,如有詢價(jià),當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)給乙方洽辦。若有買主希望從甲方直接訂購,甲方可以供貨,但甲方須將有關(guān)銷售確認(rèn)書副本寄給乙方,并按所達(dá)成交易的發(fā)票金額給乙方_____%的傭金。
(2) 若乙方在_____月內(nèi)未能向甲方提供至少_____的訂貨,甲方不承擔(dān)本協(xié)議的義務(wù)。
(3) 對(duì)雙方政府間的貿(mào)易,甲方有權(quán)按其政府的授權(quán)進(jìn)行有關(guān)的直接貿(mào)易,而不受本協(xié)議的約束。乙方不得干涉此種直接貿(mào)易,也無權(quán)向甲方提出任何補(bǔ)償或傭金要求。
(4) 本協(xié)議受簽約雙方所簽定的銷售確認(rèn)條款的制約。
11 Other Terms&Conditions
(1) Party A shall not supply the contracted commodity to any other buyers in the above mentioned territory. Direct enquiries, if any , will be referred to Party B. Howerver, should any other buyers wish to deal with Party A directly, Party A may do so, But Party A shall send to Party B a copy of sales confirmaiton and give party B_____% commission(s) concluded.
(2) Should Party B fail to pass on his orders to Party A in a period of _____ months for a minimum of _____, Party A shall not bind himself to this Agreement.
(3) For any business transacted between governments of both Parties, Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorized by Party A's government without binding himself to this Agreement. Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings, nor shall Party B bring forward any demand for compensation therefrom.
(4) This Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the Sales Confirmation signed by both parties hereto.
本協(xié)議于_____年___月___日在_____簽定,正本兩份,甲乙雙方各執(zhí)一份。
This Agreement is signed on___/___/_____at_____and is in two originals, each party holds one.
甲方: Party A: 乙方:Party B:
簽字: Signature: 簽字:Signature:
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