賓語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)教案設(shè)計(jì)_英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納(2)
語(yǔ)文賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、概念:賓語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就稱作賓語(yǔ)從句。
I think he is a good student .
二、 可接賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等, 或由形容詞構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu),如:afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等
I hope that our team will win the match .
I am sure that I can pass the English exam easily .
三、 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。
賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)取決于主句,如果主句是陳述句,句尾用句號(hào),如果主句是疑問(wèn)句,句尾用問(wèn)號(hào)。
I don’t know what his name is .
Do you know which school he studies in ?
四、引導(dǎo)詞。
1、that (從句是肯定句時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞用that ,它本身無(wú)詞義,不充當(dāng)成分,在口語(yǔ)中可省略,但在正式場(chǎng)合不可省。)
2、if或whether (從句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用if 或whether ,含義是“是否”。)
if、 whether 一般情況下可以互換,但在構(gòu)成whether…or not 句式只用whether
3、連接代詞、連接副詞(從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用)
連接代詞(what、 which、 who、 whose )
連接副詞(when、 where、 how 、why )
五、 賓語(yǔ)從句的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu),它可與“疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
Can you tell me how to get to the station ?
六、 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都用陳述句語(yǔ)序(即正常的主謂語(yǔ)序)
He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .
He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .
Do you know what the population of Dalian is ?
七、 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
1、 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。(從句中有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)決定時(shí)態(tài))
He says that he is good at English
He says that he has been ill for two days
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow
2、 主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去某種時(shí)態(tài)。(即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)等)
He asked me where I lived
He said that she had been ill for two days
She said that she would return soon
3、當(dāng)從句講述的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的影響,都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”
He said that the earth is round
特例:1 Could you tell me …委婉的語(yǔ)氣,常按照一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)處理。
Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is ?
2 從句中有確切的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),則根據(jù)其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)決定從句時(shí)態(tài)。
He said he was born in 1997.(注意不用過(guò)去完成時(shí))
八、 賓語(yǔ)從句中的助動(dòng)詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)賓語(yǔ)從句中不再有助動(dòng)詞,即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞do ,does ,一般過(guò)去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞did就消失了。(但當(dāng)從句是否定句除外)。
Do you like speaking English ?He wants to know .(改為賓語(yǔ)從句)
He wants to know if you like speaking English
特例: I want to know why he doesn’t go to work by bike .
九、 賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞變化。如果簡(jiǎn)單句變成了賓語(yǔ)從句,那么其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相應(yīng)的變化。常見(jiàn)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的,動(dòng)詞要用單三形式,如果主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞都用原形;其他時(shí)態(tài)變成相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)即可。
Where does he live ? Could you tell me (改為賓語(yǔ)從句)
Could you tell me where he lives ?
十、賓語(yǔ)從句變否定句。
如果主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱I或we 時(shí),并且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為think、 guess 、believe等表示心理活動(dòng)的詞時(shí),變否定句要否定轉(zhuǎn)移,即否定主句。否則,變否定句看從句。
I think chicken can swim (變否定句)
I don’t think chicken can swim
He said that he would go shopping(變否定句) ..
He said that he would not go shopping
十一、賓語(yǔ)從句變反意疑問(wèn)句
如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主句是第一人稱I或we時(shí),變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)看從句。如果主句不是第一人稱時(shí)則看主句。
I think he is a good student ,isn’t he ?
They want to know if he is a good student , don’t they ?
十二、簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換
He found that he was a good student .(賓語(yǔ)從句)
He found him a good student .
A B C D
A 主語(yǔ) B 謂語(yǔ)C賓語(yǔ)D賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)從句記憶口訣
為了幫助同學(xué)們更好的掌握賓語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)將它以口訣的形式介紹給大家,希望給大家的學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)輕松,容易記但不容易忘。
賓語(yǔ)從句有特點(diǎn), 賓語(yǔ)家族成員添。
部分動(dòng)詞和形短, 后面常把從句連。
標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)很簡(jiǎn)單, 看著主句語(yǔ)氣變。
引導(dǎo)詞在從句前, 三種情況好變換。
肯定句中that現(xiàn), 同時(shí)不把成份擔(dān)。
疑問(wèn)if/whether選, 有時(shí)whether必見(jiàn)。
特殊問(wèn)句也不難, 連接代副需判斷。
有種句式很普遍, 常出同義句考咱。
賓從主謂不能串, 時(shí)態(tài)變換常有三。
從句疑問(wèn) d 旁觀, 此時(shí)要把動(dòng)詞看。
主句I we心動(dòng)談, 變否定往前面轉(zhuǎn),
反意疑問(wèn)看后邊, 除此情況正相反。
以上總結(jié)很全面, 希望大家記心間。
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