初一英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯編
初一英語上冊有哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?接下來是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)淼某跻挥⒄Z上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯編,供大家參考。
初一英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯編(一)
一、48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動(dòng)詞的用法
be動(dòng)詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語位置時(shí)的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語位置時(shí)的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1、規(guī)則變化:
(1)一般情況直接在詞尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。
2、不規(guī)則變化:
(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語要始終與主語保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡稱"三單")時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語非"三單"時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變"三單"的規(guī)則如下:
(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示"特指",可譯為"這個(gè)"、"那個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是"一個(gè)"。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語非元音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量",而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)"數(shù)量"。
九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例:
(1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞,只涉及"主謂一致"原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí),要根據(jù)主語的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)主語為"三單"時(shí),要使用does;當(dāng)主語為"非三單"時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時(shí),同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區(qū)別:
have一般表示"主動(dòng)擁有",往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無生命的物體一般不能"主動(dòng)擁有",表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
初一英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯編(二)
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)問候語:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道別用語:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:
Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
(5)詞組be from = come from
(6)當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時(shí),回答要用it;問到these/ those時(shí),要用they來回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)對(duì)Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
in English(用英語)
help sb. do sth.
(9)both與all的區(qū)別:
both表示"兩者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示"說"的動(dòng)作,不表示"說"的內(nèi)容;say則表示"說"的內(nèi)容。
speak后面除了能接"語言"外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示"對(duì)......說"。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí)......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的區(qū)別:
口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(請隨便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或請求的句子)