比爾蓋茨的哈佛大學(xué)演講(8)
Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How can I help?," then we can get action - and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares -- and that makes it hard for their caring to matter.
如果我們要讓關(guān)心落到實處,我們就必須找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個清晰的和可靠的答案,那么當任何組織和個人發(fā)出疑問"如何我能提供幫助"的時候,我們就能采取行動。我們就能夠保證不浪費一丁點全世界人類對他人的關(guān)心。但是,世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對全世界每一個有愛心的人都有效的行動方法,因此人類對他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實際效果。
Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have -- whether it's something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.
從這個復(fù)雜的世界中找到解決辦法,可以分為四個步驟:確定目標,找到最高效的方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個方法的新技術(shù),同時最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù),不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物,還是最簡單的蚊帳。
The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand - and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior.
艾滋病就是一個例子??偟哪繕耍翢o疑問是消滅這種疾病。最高效的方法是預(yù)防。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗,只要注射一次,就可以終生免疫。所以,政府、制藥公司、基金會應(yīng)該資助疫苗研究。但是,這樣研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。因此,與此同時,我們必須使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù),目前最有效的預(yù)防方法就是設(shè)法讓人們避免那些危險的行為。