16種英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納(3)
16種英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納
8. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
用法:
A) 表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽輕音樂(lè)。)
B) 如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。)
注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參見下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
9. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
用法:
A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。)
B) 有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我,并會(huì)呆到5月。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”時(shí),可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(這正是我想說(shuō)的。)
D) 表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用be about to do。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。)
E) "be to do"的5種用法:
a) 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。)
b) 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺,不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。)
c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是B。
e) 用于條件從句“如果……想,設(shè)想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。”
F) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了,因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7個(gè)球。)
例:1999年6月四級(jí)第65題
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他。”
注意事項(xiàng):
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)。