16種英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納

　　例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)

　　10. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)

　　用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作或事情。

　　例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心，你不會認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)

　　注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考"一般將來時(shí)"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)"的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

　　11. 將來完成時(shí)(will have done)

　　用法：表示從將來的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間的動作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來時(shí)間，但對其后的另一個(gè)將來時(shí)間有影響的動作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來及將來的將來有關(guān)。

　　例：1997年1月四級第22題

　　The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.

　　A) must have lasted B) will have lasted

　　C) would last D) has lasted

　　本題考核謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會議從開始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。”句中by the time it ends表示動作要延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻，因此要用將來完成時(shí)。答案是B) will have lasted。如果選A)，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動詞must后面接動詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測，而本句的時(shí)間狀語是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。Would雖可以表示推測或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻的動作，所以C) would last錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)镈) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻的動作，所以也不正確。

　　注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可以參考“一般將來時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

　　12)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall have been doing ，will have been doing

　　例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動語態(tài))

　　13)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing

　　例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過去的過去的動作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動語態(tài))

　　14) 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：should be doing , would be doing

　　例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語是具體的將來時(shí)間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動語態(tài))

　　15) 過去將來完成時(shí)：should have done , would have done

　　例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動語態(tài))

　　16) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：should have been doing , would have been doing

　　例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)