英語常見副詞用法詳解

　　c)間或用在主要動詞(或助動詞)前面：

　　He at one time told me the same thing you are telling me.

　　We formerly did it，but we nowadays forget the custom.I temporarily，but not permanently，love her.

　　He recently has behaved better than he formerly did.

　　Peter，a long time ago，had vanguished the giant.He already has seen it.She so far(or this far)hasn't spoken with me.

　　d)大多數(shù)都放在謂語后面。用在這個位置的有a)第一段所列的副詞及early，late，already，yet，shortly，briefly，awhile，long這類詞。能這樣用的短語很多，包括a)中提到的介詞短語。

　　表示某一時刻(時)的副詞(短語)：

　　He came yesterday.He left at the last act.They divided the property on the death of their father.I came(or will come)on Sunday(=last or next Sunday).

　　He came(or will come) on a(or the) Sunday(= another Sunday than last or next).He expressed surprise at see-ing me.I felt envy on hearing the news.

　　表示某段時間的副詞(短語)：

　　I have slept(for)hours.He studies English(for)three years.He has been here many months. He has learned medicine since 1950.He lived here from 1950 till 1958.It exists to this day.I have opposed it all along.I'll live here forever ofter.He died here during the war.He visited many places in the course of(= during)the summer (or the trip).He lived in this village all his life and never left it a day.

　　圖解：

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　　注意從屬連詞directly的圖解法。

　　3)頻度副詞(短語)

　　1669 頻度副詞(短語)可以：

　　a)用在主語前，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?qū)Ρ取Ｓ迷谶@個位置的詞有never，seldom，rarely，occasionally，sometimes，often，repeatedly;once a week，four times，from time to time，again and again，now and then，as a rule：

　　Sometimes he smokes.Usually he came by himself.

　　Occasionally he called on me.Never have I been there.

　　b)間或用在助動詞前(用在簡短評語、回答及反駁中，這時助動詞受到強(qiáng)調(diào))：

　　“They can find time for amusements.”“They always can.”You have learned Japanese，but I never have learned any foreign language.“I have to cook my own break-fast.”—“But I seldom need do so.”

　　c)在大多數(shù)情況下用在主要動詞前面，用于這個位置的大多為單個副詞，如：

　　always，permanently，perpetually，continually，continuously，incessantly(這類表示“不斷”的副詞不能用在否定詞前，不能說 He will always not like it，而要說He will never like it.)

　　Generally，usually，ordinarily，commonly，normally，habitually，customarily，regularly;ftoen，frequently，repeatedly(這類表示高頻度的副詞可以用在否定結(jié)構(gòu)后，表示“很少”，如：I don't usually(= rarely)take breakfast.)

　　Sometimes，periodically，occasionaly(表示中等頻度的副詞)

　　Rarely，seldom，hardly(ever)，scarcely(ever)，bare-ly，little，infrequently，unusually，uncommonly(表示低頻度的副詞)

　　Never，not，not ever(否定副詞)

　　例句：

　　He can hardly see me，because he is shortsighted.She has always smoked.He often goes to the library.He never tells lies.I don't usually(=rarely) go to the theatre.

　　短語用在這個位置時不多：

　　His family has，time after time，got into trouble.

　　He would，as a rule，get up at six.

　　d)上面提到的副詞通常放在be后面，但be受到強(qiáng)調(diào)時可以放在它前面：

　　He always is a fool.He never is wise.He seldom is.

　　They never are.It hardly is.

　　e)放在謂語后面。可用在這個位置的副詞有continually，often， frequently，repeatedly，occasionally;hourly，daily，monthly;once，twice，again：

　　I have said it repeatedly to him.He called on me occasion-ally.

　　I take a walk twice daily(不能說 daily twice).

　　I learn kungfu three times weekly(or a week).

　　常用在這個位置的短語有：

　　every four days，each summer，on alternate days as a rule，as usual，most often，often enough，in general，in quick succession

　　many times，not infrequently，again and again，time after time，time and(time)again

　　once in a while，once and again，now and again，every now and then，at(odd)times，from time to time，off and on，on several occasions

　　例句：

　　This morning we went to work as usual.

　　I read the poem again and again.

　　I practise Karate off and on.

　　I go to the movies once in a long while.

　　He came daily.He saw her very often.

　　He did it once in a while.He studies French at odd times.

　　He taught me four times a week.I learn music every three days

　　f)c)中所給副詞有些可用在謂語后表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或作為以后補(bǔ)加的意思：

　　She went to the pictures sometimes.

　　He loves her always.

　　圖解：

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　　4)肯定副詞(短語)

　　1670 表示肯定或不肯定的副詞可以：

　　a)用在主語前面。用在這個位置的副詞或短語可以看作是整個句子的修飾語，它們是truly，indeed，really，actually，eventually，surely，obviously，assuredly，undoubtedly，certainly，evidently，apparently，clearly，admittedly，naturally，probably，presumably，perhaps，maybe，possibly，very likely，in truth，in fact，no doubt，of course， as a matter of fact，sure enough，oddly enough，strange enough，rightly or wrongly：

　　Certainly he can do anything so long as it's profitable.

　　Surely he divorced her!

　　In fact，he knows nothing.

　　b)用作句子的簡化形式。這樣的副詞或短語有yes，certainly，quite，absolutely，decidedly，naturaly，evidently，obviously，precisely，surely，sure(Am.)，willingly，with pleasure，very well，of course，no，never

　　“Do you know it?”“Yes.”

　　“Is he a fool?”“Absolutely.”

　　“Do you love her?”“Of course.”

　　c)間或用在助動詞前(用在簡短評語、回答及反駁中，這時助動詞受到強(qiáng)調(diào))：

　　He certainly(or surely，probably，possibly)can.He surely has. He simply can't.You surely are.You simply must give up.

　　d)在多數(shù)情況下用在主要動詞前面或助動詞后面。能這樣用的有a)中所列副詞或短語，在用作整句修飾語時，前后常加逗號：

　　He really understand himself?John probably loves her.

　　My father of course knows you.(用在主要動詞前)

　　He will actually do what he has threatened to.I have.as a matter of fact，done all I can.He has，at any rate，confessed his fault.(用在助動詞后面)

　　比較：I do not really know(= I know very little).I really do not know(=I know nothing).

　　e)用在謂語后時很少，除非是表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，或作為后來想起的話：

　　They will get married，perhaps.

　　John has done something silly—no doubt.

　　You didn't complain to her，Surely(= I believe or hope).

　　圖解：

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　　注：句子修飾語in fact的圖解法。

　　5)程度副詞(短語)

　　1671 程度副詞(短語)：

　　a)用在主語或助動詞前時很少。

　　b)常常用在主要動詞前面。能這樣用的副詞及短語有：

　　almost，nearly，entirely，thoroughly，perfectly，vaguely，slightly，strongly，little，in all likelihood，as much as，not so much as，as good as，sort of，at any rate，at least：

　　I almost cried.He quite agrees with me.He wholly for- got that.He half smiled and half cried.He rather hates it.I hardly think so.I scarcely understand it.

　　He has fully understood her. They will，on the whole， agree to my proposal. The business will，in the fullest degree(or in some measure)，depend upon the political situation.(用在助動詞后面)

　　He does not see it.(not必須放在助動詞及主要動詞之間)

　　Can't he go?(問句)

　　Don't talk too much.(禁止)

　　但not放在being及having前面：

　　Not being able to go，I stayed at home with Mother.

　　Not having finished my work， I can't leave.

　　此外，有時有另一副詞(短語)可放在not和主要動詞之間：

　　He does not entirely believe me.

　　c)常常放在謂語后面：

　　I like it very much.They need a house badly.I depend upon him fully for advice.I respect him highly(or greatly).He needs money terribly(or awfully， dreadfully).He suffered to such a degree.I love Mary best of all.I know it quite well.He loved her to a ridiculous extent.

　　I don't care(or care not)a jot(or a button， a bit， a whit，a morsel，a fig，a damn)abut it. I don't mind(or value) it a rush(or a rotten nut).He blamed me no end.She laughed no end.I love my mother a whole big balloon. He thought world of his sweetheart.This accident speaks volumes for the danger of a drunk- en driver.(用作程度副詞的名詞或名詞短語必須放在謂語或動詞后面)

　　圖解：

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　　6)方式副詞(短語)

　　1672 方式副詞(短語)可以：

　　a)放在主語前用來加強(qiáng)語氣?？蛇@樣用的副詞及短語不計其數(shù)：

　　Suddenly the door opened.Slowly he walked down the street.Slowly and impressively he rose from the seat. In a low voice he spoke.With one blow of his are he cut it off.One by one they came out. To his great de- light he saw his home again.Slowly，but with courage， did he accomplish it.All at once did we start.

　　Bang goes the door Whizz goes the arrow.Snap went the rope.Crash went the glass.Thud went the bag of rice.Crack came the bottle.Pop come the accident. Crash went the disaster of the family.(表示聲音的副詞常放在動詞go或come前面)

　　如果主語前有well，so， to such straits這樣的副詞(短語)，它們和主語之間應(yīng)有一個助動詞：

　　Well can we say that.Well may he do anything he likes.

　　He has started and so must all of us.If he can go， so can we.

　　I like art and specially do I like music.

　　To such straits was I reduced!To such lengths did he go that nobody wanted to talk with him.To such a point (or a degree) will the war go on that all will be destroyed.