英語常見副詞用法詳解

　　副詞(短語)也可用在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，位置在be和過去分詞之間：

　　It will be altogether forgotten.The workers were fully employed.It is earnestly hoped that… The war is need- lessly prolonged.

　　1677 4)如果有幾類副詞(短語)一起用，它們的順序可安排如下：

　　肯定 地點 方式 頻度 時間

　　He probably went to Japan by air twice in 1962.

　　We met there unexpectedly last Monday.

　　He's certainly gone abroad with his wife recently.

　　I studied in London under Mr.A for a year.

　　1678 5)如果有兩個時間狀語，表示較小單位時間的狀語宜放在較大單位時間的前面：

　　I will meet you at three o'clock tomorrow.I saw the film on Tuesday evening last week.

　　如果較大單位時間比較重要，或較小單位時間是后來想起的，則其順序也可以顛倒：

　　I arrived yesterday afternoon，about five o'clock.She and I got married in 1968，in the month of July.

　　1679 6)有兩個地點狀語時，較小的單位一般放在前面，但有時也不如此，其順序往往根據(jù)文體或句子平衡的需要來安排：

　　He lived at a small village in a northern state.We spent the holidays at a cottage in the mountains.We spent the holidays in the mountains，at a cottage we rented from a friend.

　　1680 7)最好不要把所有的狀語放在一個地方：

　　I returned “to the village”“ by train”“before dark”“one day”.(不好)

　　“One day before dark” I returned “to the village”“ by train.”(較好)

　　1681 8)如果把幾個狀語放在一起，通常宜于把最短的放在前面，把最長的放在最后：

　　He arrived“silently”“after all his companions”.He slept “soundly”“on a very large bed”.He sat“down”“by mistake”“on the back of a sleeping crocodile”.

　　“Tomorrow” “at five” “when it begins to dawn”， I shall go to a distant city. I shall stay “here”“for three days ” “while the festival is going on”.“Yesterday”“just before breakfast”“when I was writing a letter”， Mr.A called at my house.(先是單詞，然后是短語，最后是從句。)

　　1682 9)像refer to，insist on， beware of;play hell with，take care of，lay stress on;live up to，put up with， look down on;line up，get along，fool about，carry on， give forth，gamble away這樣的成語最好不要分開：

　　He has always firmly and passionately believed in manners.(比 believed firmly and passionately in manners.好)

　　He depends upon his uncle for his education.(比depends for his education upon his uncle好)

　　she looks patiently after the baby.(中間有時可插入短的狀語)

　　1683 10)包含 this，that， like， such， so， thus， the這類詞的狀語，和其他與前面句子或段落有關(guān)的狀語，最好放在主語前面：

　　Just at that moment，a man came.At such a sight，they all shuddered.In this manner he died.So they said.So I do.So do I.Thus they started the rebellion.Here he stopped.After the war， many were starved.In like manner they were killed.From what has been said，this theory is very easy to understand.

　　1684 11)放在動詞前的狀語帶有裝飾性，有時可以省掉，而放在動詞后面的狀語比較強調(diào)，更為重要：

　　They suddeny attacked us.They attacked us suddenly.

　　We quietly went away.We went away quietly.

　　I immediately corrected it.I corrected it immediately.

　　I often go to the pictures.I go to the pictures very often.

　　1685 12)一個狀語，為了強調(diào)而加以重復(fù)時，必須放在句子前面：

　　She decides to go tomorrow，and tomorrow she must go.

　　She cried sorrowfully，and sorrowfully everyone sighed.

　　John learned Chinese with difficulty，and with difficulty he had learned everything.

　　(Cf.He is as happy as happy(形容詞)can be.If moth- er thinks I must have a wife，wife(名詞)I must have.)

　　1686 13)最好不要把狀語放在兩個動詞之間，以免意思含糊不清。下面句子都不妥當(dāng)，需要改正。例如在第一個句子中，如果immediately修飾第一個動詞，那它應(yīng)當(dāng)放在wrote的前面，反之，如果它修飾第二個動詞，它就應(yīng)當(dāng)放在 tell the news后面：

　　I wrote immediately to tell him the news.

　　I have telephoned to him three times to come.(最好說 I have three times telephoned to him to come.或是說 I have telephoned to him to come three times.)

　　To inform him immediately I rang him up.(在 immediately之后應(yīng)加一逗號)

　　下面例句是正確的：

　　My son now and then asked(×) to follow me to the cinema.He earnestly hoped(×) to see me.John kindly suggested(×) taking care of my little girl.She candidly admitted(×) having gone out with her boyfriend.(“×”表示狀語不宜放的位置。)

　　1687 14)如果主要動詞前有兩個助動詞，修飾整個句子的副詞(特別是頻度及肯定副詞)要放在兩個助動詞之間，而修飾主要動詞的副詞(特別是方式副詞)應(yīng)放在這個動詞的前面：

　　a) Tigers have often been discovered in this area.

　　You can never have seen such a beautiful place.

　　He will probably be made President of the Company.

　　He has surely been punished for his offence.

　　He may，unfortunately，be killed by robbers.

　　b) This decision will be publicly announced.

　　I would have carefully done it，if it had been useful.

　　He must have seriously considered this matter.

　　1688 15)要使副詞(短語)盡可能靠近它修飾的動詞：

　　We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday.(不好)

　　We went yesterday to…capital.(較好)

　　Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me.(不好)

　　A guest…me yesterday.(較好)

　　Immediately，he told me to leave his house.(不好)

　　He told me to leave his house immediately.(較好)

　　1689 16)某些副詞，如 only， alone， also， too， even，可能只與某個詞有關(guān)，應(yīng)盡量使之靠近這個詞：

　　Only John(n.)(Nobody else) saw Mary there two days ago.

　　John only saw(v.)Mary(did not talk with her) there two days ago.

　　John saw only Mary(n.)( not anybody else) there two days ago.

　　John saw Mary only there(adv.)(not in any other place) two days ago.

　　John saw Mary there only two days ago(adv-phrase) (not more than two days ago).

　　He alone( Nobody else) loves her.

　　He loved her alone( nobody else).

　　He loves her for her simplicity alone(not for any other reason).

　　Even John(not only his elder brothers and sisters) writes articles for the newspaper.

　　John even writes articles for the newspaper(not only does other things less important).

　　John writes even articles for the newspaper(not only letters， which are easier to write).

　　John writes articles even for the newspaper(not only for his own school).

　　Her husband，too(not only she)，spends a lot of money.

　　Her husband spends a lot of money， too(not only earns so much).

　　Her husbnad spends a lot of money on dress too(not only on other things).

　　1690 17)一個包含否定詞(或有否定意義的詞)的副詞(短語)可以放在“助動詞+主語+主要動詞”的前面來加以強調(diào)：

　　Nowhere can I find a cleaner place.(否定的地點副詞或短語)

　　In no other land do I wish to live and die.

　　Neither from the north nor from the south does he come.

　　Only to Asia(=To no other places than Asia) can we export our goods

　　From the Middle East alone(=From no other areas than the Middle East) does this country obtain its oil.

　　Not until sixteen had this great writer learned to write.

　　(否定的時間副詞或短語)

　　Never have I said anything to him.(正確)

　　No have I said anything to him.(錯句，not雖為否定詞，都必須用在短語中，不能單獨這樣用。)

　　No to anyone have I said anything.(正確)

　　No sooner had I touch the pillow than I fell asleep.

　　For only a few(= not many)months could my married life be called happy.

　　Less than a month have I learned to cook.

　　No a fig does he care!(程度副詞或短語)

　　If you do not know her，much(even， still)less do I.

　　If you can't answer the question，no more can I.

　　Least of all could I kill anyone.

　　Hardly(or Scarcely)(=Not quite) had he seen me when he called out to me.

　　Never in all her life has she seen such a handsome man.

　　(頻度副詞或短語)

　　Rarely(or Seldom)(= Not often)did he notice such a matter.

　　Not infrequently may I get the permission to see the boss.

　　No longer can I stand his impudence.

　　By no means must you say that.(方式副詞或短語)

　　Under(or In) no circumstances must anyone violate the rules.

　　Only by stealing can he make his living.

　　Only when one has enough to eat can one be honest.(副詞+狀語從句)

　　No though you made a request would he agree.

　　Hardly ever has there been any case like that.(注意there been的位置)

　　Never will there be any World War Ⅲ.

　　不過，要是一個短語，雖然包含否定詞，卻沒有否定意義，句子仍用正常語序：

　　Not long(= A short time)ago I still saw him.(不要說did I still see him.)

　　Not many(= A few) months later， he came again.

　　Not infrequently(=Often) he told me the same story.

　　(也可說 did he tell…)

　　Not only she agreed，but also her husband said “yes”.

　　(也可說 Not only did she agree…)

　　盡管副詞(短語)并不是否定的，間或也可有“副詞(短語)+助動詞+主語+主要動詞”這樣的語序：

　　In vain have I written all these articles.

　　From time to time has he said that，but nobody cares.

　　Still more was I impressed with her manners.

　　Many a night did John wait for her at the corner.

　　Of the fifty students，can only five pass this year.

　　1691 18)副詞(短語)，特別是地點和時間副詞(短語)，可以放在表示“存在”、“出現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)生”等的不及物動詞前面，而主語(第一次出現(xiàn)的東西或加以強調(diào)的東西)放在后面(參閱1667 a)，1668 a))：地點副詞(短語)：

　　At the end of the wood stood a church.

　　By the front door entered three soldiers.

　　In this beautiful palace lived a king and his daughter.

　　All around the house grew millions of flowers.

　　On the grass(there)lay a shepherd.(在狀語和不及物動詞之間可以加 there，也可不加。)

　　By the river(there) has a pagoda(短的主語) stood for 101 years.

　　By the river(there) has stood a pagoda as high as 30 meters.

　　There happened an accident in this city.(這里的 there 不可省略)

　　時間副詞(短語)：

　　Soon after this omen began a revolt.

　　At last came the wedding day.

　　In 1952 was born one of my daughters.

　　When father returned from France，there happened(or took place)something strange.(帶有狀語從句)

　　Just as they drank merrily，there came a terrible knock at the door.

　　如果句子主語很長，可以放在不及物動詞后面，而把副詞(短語)放在動詞前面：

　　In all her splendour appeared the bride followed by two pretty children.

　　For the sake of justice died hundreds of people who made a peaceful protest.

　　In such surroundings there was born(= appeared)a man of extraordinary ability，destined to save his nation.(被動語態(tài)的動詞在語法上相當(dāng)于一個不及物動詞)

　　In her hands was placed all his being and all his happiness.

　　There was taken to the mayor a man one hundred and twenty years of age and still in good health.

　　1692 19)有些副詞可以放在幾個位置，而有不同的意思：

　　NOW

　　I am now(=at this moment)reading a novel.

　　I am reading a novel now(更為強調(diào)).

　　He lost all his money in gambling.Now(用作連接副詞，對前面的話加以解釋，或只引起注意)this money he had borrowed from his aunt.

　　AGAIN

　　I again(= once more)tried the project.

　　I tried the project again(更為強調(diào)).

　　He is a scientist，and again(=besides，用作連接副詞)he knows seven languages.

　　SO

　　I told him so(= the same thing).

　　It is raining，so(= therefore，用作連接副詞)I can't go out.

　　INDEED

　　He knows a lot of things indeed(用來加強語氣).

　　He is，indeed(系動詞 be之后)，the best man I know.

　　Indeed(和 but連用)， he knows a lot of things，but he is selfish.

　　ONLY

　　I can tell you only(放在賓語前面)this(= nothing else than this).

　　He is very kind，only(= yet，用作連接副詞)he doesn't know how to talk.

　　ONCE

　　I have been there once(= one time，on one occasion).

　　He once(= formerly)lived in the country.

　　Once(= after one time，用作連接副詞)I visited the place，I could recognize all the streets.

　　YET

　　He has not yet(= till now)come.

　　He has studied English five years， yet(= but) he is unable to write letter